{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010057056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","title":"The Efficacy of Pralidoxime in the Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials","display_name":"The Efficacy of Pralidoxime in the Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010057056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","mag":"3010057056","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32257715","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7117609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.7174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/28402-the-efficacy-of-pralidoxime-in-the-treatment-of-organophosphate-poisoning-in-humans-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-trials.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/28402-the-efficacy-of-pralidoxime-in-the-treatment-of-organophosphate-poisoning-in-humans-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-trials.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087330622","display_name":"Himal Kharel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-8352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-8352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111757","display_name":"Rochester General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk6xr82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260107","display_name":"Institute of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/038ymyw44","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}],"countries":["NP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himal Kharel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL",". Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA",". Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025990695","display_name":"Nishan Babu Pokhrel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4278-5753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4278-5753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111757","display_name":"Rochester General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk6xr82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260107","display_name":"Institute of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/038ymyw44","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}],"countries":["NP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nishan B Pokhrel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL",". Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL",". Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007804539","display_name":"Rakesh Ghimire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-262X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-262X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111757","display_name":"Rochester General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk6xr82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260107","display_name":"Institute of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/038ymyw44","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}],"countries":["NP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Ghimire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL",". Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA",". Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056474287","display_name":"Zeni Kharel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-3746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-3746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111757","display_name":"Rochester General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk6xr82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260107","display_name":"Institute of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/038ymyw44","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}],"countries":["NP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeni Kharel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA",". Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL",". Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Clinical Pharmacology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025990695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210111757","https://openalex.org/I4405260107"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.877,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62886598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"e7174","last_page":"e7174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11635","display_name":"Poisoning and overdose treatments","score":0.24609999358654022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oximes","display_name":"oximes","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphate-poisoning","display_name":"organophosphate poisoning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atropine","display_name":"atropine","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholinesterase-reactivation","display_name":"acetylcholinesterase reactivation","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-syndrome","display_name":"intermediate syndrome","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-of-bias","display_name":"risk of bias","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-communities","display_name":"low-income communities","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden","display_name":"economic burden","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-muscle-weakness","display_name":"respiratory muscle weakness","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromuscular-junction-disorders","display_name":"neuromuscular junction disorders","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-poisoning","display_name":"pesticide poisoning","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticholinergic-toxicity","display_name":"anticholinergic toxicity","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinesterase-inhibitors","display_name":"cholinesterase inhibitors","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphorus-nerve-agents","display_name":"organophosphorus nerve agents","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphate-herbicides","display_name":"organophosphate herbicides","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphorus-insecticides","display_name":"organophosphate insecticides","score":0.828000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776327929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735334","display_name":"Pralidoxime","level":4,"score":0.974153995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8750733137130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5840045213699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5438485741615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3153685","display_name":"Organophosphate poisoning","level":4,"score":0.5250853300094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.522676408290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776588719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411097","display_name":"Organophosphate","level":3,"score":0.4757097363471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.46839261054992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4323662519454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142454548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7069573","display_name":"Number needed to harm","level":5,"score":0.43133342266082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.42621150612831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.26344412565231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67774102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614132","display_name":"Number needed to treat","level":4,"score":0.16950976848602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.09196081757545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.7174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/28402-the-efficacy-of-pralidoxime-in-the-treatment-of-organophosphate-poisoning-in-humans-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-trials.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32257715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32257715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7117609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7117609/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.7174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7174","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/28402-the-efficacy-of-pralidoxime-in-the-treatment-of-organophosphate-poisoning-in-humans-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-trials.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309532","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309644","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333038","display_name":"State University of New York Upstate Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/040kfrw16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010057056.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010057056.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W324215217","https://openalex.org/W1539362429","https://openalex.org/W1555390786","https://openalex.org/W1976767085","https://openalex.org/W1980205258","https://openalex.org/W1981503196","https://openalex.org/W1990306358","https://openalex.org/W2013301743","https://openalex.org/W2025773423","https://openalex.org/W2027331483","https://openalex.org/W2038933848","https://openalex.org/W2046211110","https://openalex.org/W2058390487","https://openalex.org/W2060883036","https://openalex.org/W2061826543","https://openalex.org/W2076756267","https://openalex.org/W2091397586","https://openalex.org/W2091888708","https://openalex.org/W2102561095","https://openalex.org/W2121665700","https://openalex.org/W2127954828","https://openalex.org/W2130600243","https://openalex.org/W2135491682","https://openalex.org/W2142424976","https://openalex.org/W2153687364","https://openalex.org/W2161935966","https://openalex.org/W2337280970","https://openalex.org/W2612183699","https://openalex.org/W2773771210","https://openalex.org/W4205949470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058390487","https://openalex.org/W2142852307","https://openalex.org/W23846796","https://openalex.org/W2102561095","https://openalex.org/W1555390786","https://openalex.org/W2377180119","https://openalex.org/W2076756267","https://openalex.org/W4387139290","https://openalex.org/W1546241587","https://openalex.org/W7218815901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"The":[1,135,216,235,294,316],"benefits":[2],"of":[3,8,19,43,55,102,105,115,123,132,151,161,165,198,202,213,232,237,252,255,296,305,313,318,369,392],"atropine":[4,110],"in":[5,71,83,107,112,121,190,200,239,259,366,372,403],"the":[6,26,52,80,90,103,113,130,149,191,196,224,230,245,249,280,289,306,334,355,358,367,373,393,414],"treatment":[7,114],"acute":[9,118,406],"organophosphate":[10],"(OP)":[11],"poisoning":[12,120],"has":[13,63],"been":[14],"well":[15],"established,":[16],"while":[17,78],"that":[18,38,65,142,194],"oximes":[20,39],"is":[21,25,57,89,138,156],"still":[22,58],"uncertain.":[23],"Pralidoxime":[24],"most":[27,91,290],"often":[28],"used":[29],"oxime":[30],"worldwide.":[31],"In":[32],"vitro":[33],"experiments":[34],"have":[35],"consistently":[36],"shown":[37,399],"are":[40,411],"effective":[41],"reactivators":[42],"human":[44],"acetylcholinesterase":[45],"enzyme,":[46],"inhibited":[47],"by":[48,158,248],"OP":[49,119,153,214,407],"compounds.":[50],"However,":[51],"clinical":[53,140],"benefit":[54],"pralidoxime":[56,66,106,199,356,374,396],"unclear.":[59],"A":[60],"recent":[61,291],"meta-analysis":[62,391],"found":[64],"provides":[67],"no":[68],"significant":[69,364],"improvement":[70],"outcome":[72,218],"and":[73,129,155,167,172,179,229,309,333,357],"rather":[74],"may":[75],"cause":[76],"harm":[77],"increasing":[79],"economic":[81],"burden":[82],"low-income":[84],"communities":[85],"where":[86],"its":[87],"use":[88,197],"prevalent.":[92],"Objectives":[93],"This":[94],"study":[95],"aimed":[96],"to":[97,109,145,328,345,382,400],"provide":[98],"an":[99,152,210],"updated":[100],"evaluation":[101],"efficacy":[104],"addition":[108],"alone":[111],"patients":[116,404],"with":[117,209,301,405,413],"terms":[122],"mortality,":[124],"need":[125,225,335],"for":[126,185,226,336],"ventilator":[127,227,337],"support,":[128],"incidence":[131,231,368],"intermediate":[133,136,233,370],"syndrome.":[134,234],"syndrome":[137,141,371],"a":[139,363],"occurs":[143],"24":[144],"96":[146],"hours":[147],"after":[148],"ingestion":[150],"compound":[154],"characterized":[157],"prominent":[159],"weakness":[160],"neck":[162],"flexors,":[163],"muscles":[164],"respiration,":[166],"proximal":[168],"limb":[169],"muscles.":[170],"Materials":[171],"methods":[173],"We":[174],"searched":[175],"MEDLINE,":[176],"EMBASE,":[177],"CENTRAL,":[178],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[180],"databases":[181],"until":[182],"January":[183],"2019":[184],"randomized":[186,273],"controlled":[187,274],"trials":[188,275],"(RCTs)":[189],"English":[192],"language":[193],"evaluated":[195],"individuals":[201],"any":[203],"age,":[204],"gender":[205],"or":[206],"nationality":[207],"presenting":[208],"alleged":[211],"history":[212],"intake.":[215],"primary":[217],"was":[219,242,362,397],"mortality.":[220],"Secondary":[221],"outcomes":[222,261],"were":[223,265,350],"support":[228,338],"risk":[236,268,295,308,317],"bias":[238,297],"included":[240,263],"studies":[241,264],"assessed":[243],"using":[244,267],"tool":[246],"recommended":[247],"Cochrane":[250],"Handbook":[251],"Systematic":[253],"Review":[254],"Interventions.":[256],"Treatment/control":[257],"differences":[258],"these":[260],"across":[262,299],"combined":[266],"ratios":[269],"(RR).":[270],"Results":[271],"Six":[272],"(n":[276],"=":[277,321,331,340,348,377,385],"646)":[278],"fulfilled":[279],"inclusion":[281],"criteria,":[282],"including":[283],"one":[284],"further":[285],"trial":[286],"missed":[287],"from":[288],"systematic":[292],"review.":[293],"varied":[298],"studies,":[300],"Eddleston":[302],"2009":[303],"being":[304,312],"lowest":[307],"Cherian":[310],"2005":[311],"high":[314],"risk.":[315],"mortality":[319],"(RR":[320,339,376],"1.53,":[322],"95%":[323,342,379],"confidence":[324],"interval":[325],"(CI)":[326],"0.97":[327,344],"2.41,":[329],"P":[330,347,384],"0.07)":[332],"1.29,":[341],"CI":[343,380],"1.71,":[346],"0.08)":[349],"not":[351,398],"significantly":[352],"different":[353],"between":[354],"control":[359],"group.":[360],"There":[361],"increase":[365],"group":[375],"1.63;":[378],"1.01":[381],"2.62,":[383],"0.04).":[386],"Conclusions":[387],"Based":[388],"on":[389],"our":[390],"available":[394],"RCTs,":[395],"be":[401],"beneficial":[402],"poisoning.":[408],"Our":[409],"findings":[410],"consistent":[412],"other":[415],"literature.":[416]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2020-03-13T00:00:00"}