{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007049705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","title":"Exposure to violence and its relationship to mental health among young people in Palestine","display_name":"Exposure to violence and its relationship to mental health among young people in Palestine","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007049705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","mag":"3007049705","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32141597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26719/2020.26.2.189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175879142","display_name":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","issn_l":"1020-3397","issn":["1020-3397","1687-1634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319663","host_organization_name":"World Health Organization","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319663","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Health Organization","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023296146","display_name":"Glenn J. Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-3299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-3299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Glenn Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102977085","display_name":"Peter Glick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-313X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4663-313X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Glick","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087345736","display_name":"Umaiyeh M. Khammash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-1324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-1324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146208","display_name":"United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East","ror":"https://ror.org/04rr9xy49","country_code":"JO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I4210146208"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umaiyeh Khammash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Juzoor for Health and Social Development, Ramallah, Palestine","United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Jerusalem, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juzoor for Health and Social Development, Ramallah, Palestine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Jerusalem, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146208"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023296146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2528,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9492189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"189","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.5512999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.38960000872612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-to-violence","display_name":"violence exposure","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-mental-health","display_name":"youth mental health","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-victimization","display_name":"personal victimization","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witnessing-violence","display_name":"witnessing violence","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/israeli-palestinian-conflict","display_name":"Israeli-Palestinian conflict","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palestinian-youth","display_name":"Palestinian youth","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology","display_name":"psychopathology","score":0.8130000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.6908237338066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123273963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758","display_name":"Psychopathology","level":2,"score":0.6691988706588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.6451120376586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5919740796089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5165904760360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.5156599283218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4825645983219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.443509578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37304753065109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069581","descriptor_name":"Exposure to Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008603","descriptor_name":"Mental Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26719/2020.26.2.189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175879142","display_name":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","issn_l":"1020-3397","issn":["1020-3397","1687-1634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319663","host_organization_name":"World Health Organization","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319663","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Health Organization","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32141597","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32141597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26719/2020.26.2.189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.2.189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175879142","display_name":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","issn_l":"1020-3397","issn":["1020-3397","1687-1634"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319663","host_organization_name":"World Health Organization","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319663","https://openalex.org/P4310321776"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Health Organization","United Nations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6115847944","display_name":"Health Risk Behaviors Among Palestinian Youth","funder_award_id":"R01HD067115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337364","display_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007049705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007049705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58195554","https://openalex.org/W1491377408","https://openalex.org/W1978743055","https://openalex.org/W1981677892","https://openalex.org/W2015733178","https://openalex.org/W2019276400","https://openalex.org/W2024777223","https://openalex.org/W2026347443","https://openalex.org/W2030166048","https://openalex.org/W2061106381","https://openalex.org/W2062712899","https://openalex.org/W2073390910","https://openalex.org/W2084673031","https://openalex.org/W2092480520","https://openalex.org/W2107962583","https://openalex.org/W2126208568","https://openalex.org/W2137048671","https://openalex.org/W2142340227","https://openalex.org/W2152876172","https://openalex.org/W2167002297","https://openalex.org/W2494112973","https://openalex.org/W2761804274","https://openalex.org/W2799492058","https://openalex.org/W2945792041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032565293","https://openalex.org/W2089145350","https://openalex.org/W2966416145","https://openalex.org/W2965225041","https://openalex.org/W2160395434","https://openalex.org/W4413799506","https://openalex.org/W3113556823","https://openalex.org/W7169881044","https://openalex.org/W2039860500","https://openalex.org/W2883973418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Exposure":[1],"to":[2,58,60,73,149,161,195,203,219],"violence":[3,24,79,104,144,163,174,230],"is":[4],"a":[5,47,132],"significant":[6],"risk":[7],"factor":[8],"for":[9,156,215],"the":[10,19,36,50,170,182,213,220],"development":[11],"of":[12,23,49,63,78,86,115,118,169,173,181,185,207,224,228],"psychopathology":[13],"in":[14,26,92,226],"young":[15,54],"people.":[16],"Research":[17],"on":[18,31],"mental":[20,221],"health":[21,222],"consequences":[22],"exposure":[25,59,105,160],"youth":[27,89,225],"has":[28,42],"focused":[29],"mostly":[30],"post-traumatic":[32],"stress":[33],"disorder,":[34],"however,":[35],"association":[37],"with":[38,179],"depression":[39,122],"and":[40,70,75,103,124,139,232],"anxiety":[41,126],"also":[43],"been":[44,131],"established.":[45],"As":[46],"result":[48],"longstanding":[51],"Israeli-Palestinian":[52],"conflict,":[53],"Palestinians":[55],"are":[56],"vulnerable":[57],"various":[61],"types":[62,172],"violence.":[64,208],"AIMS:":[65],"We":[66],"examined":[67],"psychiatric":[68,97,187],"symptomatology":[69,98],"its":[71],"relationship":[72],"direct":[74],"indirect":[76],"forms":[77],"exposure.":[80],"METHODS:":[81],"A":[82],"representative":[83],"household":[84],"survey":[85],"2481":[87],"Palestinian":[88],"was":[90,127],"conducted":[91],"2014.":[93],"Self-report":[94],"measures":[95,184],"included":[96],"(global":[99],"distress,":[100],"depression,":[101],"anxiety)":[102],"(personal":[106],"victimization,":[107],"witnessed,":[108],"vicariously":[109],"heard":[110,142],"about).":[111],"RESULTS:":[112],"The":[113],"proportion":[114],"elevated":[116,186,197],"symptoms":[117],"global":[119],"distress":[120],"(46%),":[121],"(55%),":[123],"(37%)":[125],"high;":[128],"47%":[129],"had":[130,136,141],"personal":[133],"victim,":[134],"71%":[135],"witnessed":[137],"violence,":[138],"69%":[140],"about":[143],"experienced":[145],"by":[146],"someone":[147],"close":[148],"them.":[150],"In":[151],"logistic":[152],"regression":[153],"analysis,":[154],"controlling":[155],"other":[157],"bivariate":[158],"correlates,":[159],"any":[162,168],"event,":[164],"as":[165,167],"well":[166],"3":[171,183],"exposure,":[175,231],"were":[176,190],"independently":[177],"associated":[178],"each":[180,205],"symptomatology.":[188],"Females":[189],"4":[191],"times":[192],"more":[193],"likely":[194,202],"report":[196],"psychopathology,":[198],"despite":[199],"being":[200],"less":[201],"experience":[204],"type":[206],"CONCLUSIONS:":[209],"These":[210],"findings":[211],"suggest":[212],"need":[214],"services":[216],"that":[217,233],"cater":[218],"needs":[223],"settings":[227],"high":[229],"gender-specific":[234],"strategies":[235],"may":[236],"be":[237],"useful.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-03-06T00:00:00"}
