{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006389","doi":null,"title":"Effects of water birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes.","display_name":"Effects of water birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006389","mag":"3006389","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12708093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12708093","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12708093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiener klinische Wochenschrift","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110437522","display_name":"Klaus Bodner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111069","display_name":"Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung der Stadt Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/019myg640","country_code":"AT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111069","https://openalex.org/I4210117134"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Bodner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Rudolfstiftung,  Vienna, Austria. Klausbodner@yahoo.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Rudolfstiftung,  Vienna, Austria. Klausbodner@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111069"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035003740","display_name":"Barbara Bodner\u2010Adler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-5550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-5550"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Bodner-Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074937016","display_name":"Franz Wierrani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz Wierrani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070191225","display_name":"Klaus Mayerhofer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Mayerhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059358223","display_name":"C Fousek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Fousek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013448450","display_name":"Anton Niedermayr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Niedermayr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113555294","display_name":"Werner Gr\u00fcnberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Werner Gr\u00fcnberger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79204661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"10-11","first_page":"391","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12715","display_name":"Pregnancy-related medical research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-birth","display_name":"water birth","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-delivery","display_name":"vaginal delivery","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episiotomy","display_name":"episiotomy","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perineal-trauma","display_name":"perineal trauma","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-hemorrhage","display_name":"postpartum hemorrhage","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesic-use","display_name":"analgesic use","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxytocin-use","display_name":"oxytocin use","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-stage-of-labor","display_name":"first stage of labor","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placenta-removal","display_name":"placenta removal","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-infection","display_name":"maternal infection","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-outcomes","display_name":"neonatal outcomes","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primiparous-women","display_name":"primiparous women","score":0.8080000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9699503183364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781173009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258214","display_name":"Cephalic presentation","level":4,"score":0.7166963815689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.6916840672492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778408130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6679974","display_name":"Vaginal delivery","level":3,"score":0.6124042868614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5380861759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.5135760307312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777362633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137446","display_name":"Episiotomy","level":3,"score":0.5014016628265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778194526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901674","display_name":"Amniotic fluid","level":4,"score":0.4796909987926483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777980614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316626","display_name":"Retained placenta","level":5,"score":0.45418301224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176918","display_name":"Rupture of membranes","level":4,"score":0.43095147609710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776046940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886292","display_name":"Cardiotocography","level":4,"score":0.42437589168548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.408111572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.369059681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776953305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935","display_name":"Placenta","level":4,"score":0.29574352502822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001317","descriptor_name":"Austria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001494","descriptor_name":"Baths","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004841","descriptor_name":"Episiotomy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007744","descriptor_name":"Obstetric Labor Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007744","descriptor_name":"Obstetric Labor Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008880","descriptor_name":"Midwifery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011256","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014621","descriptor_name":"Vagina","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036861","descriptor_name":"Delivery, Obstetric","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12708093","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12708093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiener klinische Wochenschrift","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:3006389","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12708093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147886711","https://openalex.org/W2033595118","https://openalex.org/W2359521889","https://openalex.org/W2031229295","https://openalex.org/W2362508512","https://openalex.org/W2389544702","https://openalex.org/W2069835818","https://openalex.org/W2391149234","https://openalex.org/W2377701095","https://openalex.org/W3210348138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Our":[1,51],"purpose":[2],"was":[3,28,53,134,178,200],"to":[4,14,55,140],"assess":[5],"benefits":[6],"and":[7,13,17,34,86,128,149,173,237,292],"possible":[8],"disadvantages":[9],"of":[10,39,58,76,123,146,167,191,194,198],"water":[11,44,141,184,290],"births":[12,45,291],"compare":[15],"maternal":[16,238],"neonatal":[18,280],"outcomes":[19],"with":[20,60,89,93],"normal":[21,68,113],"vaginal":[22,115,129,296],"deliveries.":[23],"METHODS:":[24],"This":[25],"case-controlled":[26],"study":[27],"carried":[29],"out":[30],"between":[31,266,285],"January":[32],"2000":[33],"July":[35],"2001.":[36],"A":[37,118,160,186],"total":[38],"140":[40,101],"women":[41,59,181,205,249,286],"who":[42,182,250,287],"wanted":[43],"were":[46,83,99,103,244,277],"enrolled":[47],"into":[48],"the":[49,81,106,110,137,144,165,192,195,256,267],"study.":[50],"analysis":[52],"restricted":[54],"a":[56,61,67,71,87,189],"sample":[57],"gestational":[62],"age":[63],">":[64,158,218,231,271,283],"37":[65],"weeks,":[66],"sized":[69],"foetus,":[70],"reactive":[72],"admission":[73],"cardiotocography,":[74],"drainage":[75],"clear":[77],"amniotic":[78],"fluid":[79],"(if":[80],"membranes":[82],"already":[84],"ruptured)":[85],"pregnancy":[88],"cephalic":[90],"presentation.":[91],"Women":[92],"medical":[94,168],"or":[95],"obstetric":[96],"risk":[97],"factors":[98],"excluded.":[100],"controls":[102],"selected":[104],"from":[105],"delivery":[107],"database":[108],"as":[109],"next":[111],"parity-matched":[112],"spontaneous":[114],"delivery.":[116,297],"RESULTS:":[117],"statistically":[119,161,215,245,260,274],"significant":[120,162,246,261,275],"lower":[121,247],"rate":[122,240],"episiotomies":[124],"(p":[125,131,157,170,175,217,223,241,270,282],"=":[126,132,171,176,224,235,242],"0.0001)":[127,172],"trauma":[130,151],"0.03)":[133,243],"detected":[135,278],"in":[136,154,164,180,203,207,248,252],"group":[138],"assigned":[139],"birth,":[142],"whereas":[143],"frequency":[145],"perineal":[147],"tears":[148],"labial":[150],"remained":[152],"similar":[153],"both":[155],"groups":[156,269],"0.05).":[159,219,272],"decrease":[163],"use":[166],"analgesia":[169],"oxytocin":[174],"0.002)":[177,236],"observed":[179,202,265],"had":[183,288,289],"births.":[185],"trend":[187],"towards":[188],"reduction":[190,211],"length":[193],"first":[196],"stage":[197],"labour":[199],"only":[201],"primiparous":[204],"bearing":[206],"water,":[208],"but":[209],"this":[210],"did":[212],"not":[213],"reach":[214],"significance":[216],"Manual":[220],"placenta":[221],"removal":[222],"0.017),":[225],"severe":[226],"postpartum":[227,257],"haemorrhage":[228],"(blood":[229],"loss":[230],"500":[232],"ml;":[233],"p":[234],"infection":[239],"delivered":[251],"water.":[253],"When":[254],"analysing":[255],"haemoglobin,":[258],"no":[259],"differences":[262,276],"could":[263],"be":[264],"two":[268],"No":[273],"for":[279],"parameters":[281],"0.05)":[284],"those":[293],"choosing":[294],"conventional":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
