{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006072425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","title":"Stackelberg Game Theory-Based Optimization Model for Design of Payment Mechanism in Performance-Based PPPs","display_name":"Stackelberg Game Theory-Based Optimization Model for Design of Payment Mechanism in Performance-Based PPPs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006072425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","mag":"3006072425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764777209","display_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","issn_l":"0733-9364","issn":["0733-9364","1943-7862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080211922","display_name":"Luming Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luming Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Assistant, College of Built Environment, Dept. of Construction Management, Univ. of Washington, 120F Architecture Hall, Box 351610, Seattle, WA 98195 (corresponding author). ORCID: ","Research Assistant, College of Built Environment, Dept. of Construction Management, Univ. of Washington, 120F Architecture Hall, Box 351610, Seattle, WA 98195. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6087"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Assistant, College of Built Environment, Dept. of Construction Management, Univ. of Washington, 120F Architecture Hall, Box 351610, Seattle, WA 98195 (corresponding author). ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Assistant, College of Built Environment, Dept. of Construction Management, Univ. of Washington, 120F Architecture Hall, Box 351610, Seattle, WA 98195. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6087","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057631804","display_name":"Ahmed Abdel Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-8992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-8992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Abdel Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dept. of Construction Management, Univ. of Washington, 120F Architecture Hall, Box 351610, Seattle, WA 98195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Construction Management, Univ. of Washington, 120F Architecture Hall, Box 351610, Seattle, WA 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080211922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96559431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"146","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-partnerships","display_name":"public-private partnerships","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-game","display_name":"Stackelberg game","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bi-level-optimization","display_name":"bi-level optimization","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-allocation","display_name":"risk allocation","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-based-contracts","display_name":"performance-based contracts","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-infrastructure","display_name":"transport infrastructure","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare-welfare-economics","display_name":"social welfare (welfare economics)","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-elimination","display_name":"variable elimination","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"genetic algorithm","score":0.9819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.9138327836990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.7012779116630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5430478453636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.522949755191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.4487324655056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.43852829933166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43203437328338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776553905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221096","display_name":"Public\u2013private partnership","level":3,"score":0.421819269657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39165541529655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.36217838525772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.34887149930000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3378249406814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2936168909072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.27444252371788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.220558762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21919465065002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14146697521209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764777209","display_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","issn_l":"0733-9364","issn":["0733-9364","1943-7862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Construction Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280315212","https://openalex.org/W576050068","https://openalex.org/W647810084","https://openalex.org/W1501630852","https://openalex.org/W1538977221","https://openalex.org/W1565111024","https://openalex.org/W1590605091","https://openalex.org/W1966144537","https://openalex.org/W1972823268","https://openalex.org/W1997920578","https://openalex.org/W2017558960","https://openalex.org/W2018061857","https://openalex.org/W2035893651","https://openalex.org/W2036701015","https://openalex.org/W2045089402","https://openalex.org/W2046542460","https://openalex.org/W2047094503","https://openalex.org/W2051821221","https://openalex.org/W2053790718","https://openalex.org/W2055819198","https://openalex.org/W2070527651","https://openalex.org/W2075220263","https://openalex.org/W2079104779","https://openalex.org/W2084575232","https://openalex.org/W2089461371","https://openalex.org/W2092553756","https://openalex.org/W2097746659","https://openalex.org/W2104005860","https://openalex.org/W2105111839","https://openalex.org/W2106145619","https://openalex.org/W2127337119","https://openalex.org/W2130875806","https://openalex.org/W2134422508","https://openalex.org/W2140348498","https://openalex.org/W2163815032","https://openalex.org/W2169940028","https://openalex.org/W2170631832","https://openalex.org/W2198098822","https://openalex.org/W2259507927","https://openalex.org/W2537869689","https://openalex.org/W2554677326","https://openalex.org/W2614367549","https://openalex.org/W2787612301","https://openalex.org/W2804734141","https://openalex.org/W2901412132","https://openalex.org/W4247402648","https://openalex.org/W4292864963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396774286","https://openalex.org/W2982330147","https://openalex.org/W2805113195","https://openalex.org/W2370060291","https://openalex.org/W4304166312","https://openalex.org/W4379537519","https://openalex.org/W594572907","https://openalex.org/W2190910262","https://openalex.org/W3092929658","https://openalex.org/W4408844195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Payment":[0],"mechanisms":[1,58],"lie":[2],"at":[3],"the":[4,15,20,24,40,94,104,120,136,139,146,150],"heart":[5],"of":[6,14,65,96,106,138],"public-private":[7],"partnership":[8],"(PPP)":[9],"contracts.":[10],"A":[11,109,123],"good":[12],"design":[13],"payment":[16,57,152],"mechanism":[17,153],"should":[18],"consider":[19],"owner\u2019s":[21],"goals":[22],"in":[23,55],"project,":[25],"allocate":[26],"risks":[27],"appropriately":[28],"to":[29,39,51,83,118,134,174],"stakeholders,":[30],"and":[31,68,73,113],"assure":[32],"satisfactory":[33],"performance":[34,92,168],"by":[35,75,145],"providing":[36],"reasonable":[37],"compensation":[38],"private":[41,69,107],"developer.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"a":[46,76,89,128],"Stackelberg":[47],"game":[48],"theory\u2013based":[49],"model":[50,81,147],"assist":[52],"public":[53,67],"agencies":[54],"designing":[56],"for":[59,85,93,103,165],"PPP":[60,130],"transportation":[61],"projects.":[62],"The":[63,80,142],"interests":[64],"both":[66],"sectors":[70],"are":[71,116],"considered":[72],"reflected":[74],"bilevel":[77],"objective":[78],"function.":[79],"aims":[82],"search":[84],"solutions":[86,143],"that":[87,149,159],"maximize":[88],"project\u2019s":[90],"overall":[91,166],"sake":[95,105],"social":[97],"welfare":[98],"while":[99,169],"simultaneously":[100],"maximizing":[101],"return":[102],"investment.":[108],"variable":[110],"elimination":[111],"method":[112],"genetic":[114],"algorithm":[115],"used":[117],"solve":[119],"optimization":[121],"model.":[122,141],"case":[124],"study":[125],"based":[126],"on":[127],"real":[129],"project":[131,167,171],"is":[132],"discussed":[133],"validate":[135],"effectiveness":[137],"proposed":[140],"provided":[144],"reveal":[148],"optimal":[151],"structure":[154],"could":[155],"be":[156],"established":[157],"such":[158],"it":[160],"would":[161],"satisfy":[162],"owners\u2019":[163],"requirements":[164],"optimizing":[170],"total":[172],"payments":[173],"contractors.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2020-02-24T00:00:00"}