{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005327124","doi":null,"title":"Efficacy of an Avian Repellent Applied Using Drop Nozzle-Equipped Ground Rigs in Reducing Blackbird Damage to Sunflower","display_name":"Efficacy of an Avian Repellent Applied Using Drop Nozzle-Equipped Ground Rigs in Reducing Blackbird Damage to Sunflower","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005327124","mag":"3005327124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:wdmconference-1327","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wdmconference/2019/all2019/9","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=wdmconference","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildlife Damage Management Conference","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=wdmconference","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038375383","display_name":"Page E. Klug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-3901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-3901"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Page E. Klug","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-3901","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029865928","display_name":"Michael H. Ostlie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-256X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-256X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ostlie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070307226","display_name":"Scott J. Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-7402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-7402"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott J. Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-7402","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.38109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.38109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.27709999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11065","display_name":"Insect Pest Control Strategies","score":0.13199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower","display_name":"sunflower","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-winged-blackbird","display_name":"red-winged blackbird","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-damage-control","display_name":"crop damage control","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repellent-efficacy","display_name":"repellent efficacy","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-diets","display_name":"alternative diets","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower-yield","display_name":"sunflower yield","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-dakota","display_name":"North Dakota","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.7479091882705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5653212070465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.42345455288887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40703898668289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3218645453453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19931378960609436}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:wdmconference-1327","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wdmconference/2019/all2019/9","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=wdmconference","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildlife Damage Management Conference","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3005327124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=wdmconference","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:wdmconference-1327","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wdmconference/2019/all2019/9","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=wdmconference","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wildlife Damage Management Conference","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005327124.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2957638237","https://openalex.org/W3095085460","https://openalex.org/W2339433503","https://openalex.org/W2341504274","https://openalex.org/W2803164429","https://openalex.org/W2094893194","https://openalex.org/W2340129209","https://openalex.org/W2149271940","https://openalex.org/W2182852971","https://openalex.org/W2922038244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"North":[1],"Dakota":[2],"large":[3],"flocks":[4],"of":[5,53,86,96,160,167,172,181,222],"blackbirds":[6,65,120],"feed":[7],"on":[8,126],"ripening":[9],"crops,":[10],"after":[11],"breeding":[12],"and":[13,129,154,175,203,227,236],"prior":[14],"to":[15,32,35,45,61,82,88,114,139,207,211,218],"migration,":[16],"resulting":[17],"in":[18,66,164,196,224],"an":[19,54],"annual":[20],"damage":[21],"estimate":[22],"averaging":[23],"$3.5":[24],"million":[25],"for":[26,123,233],"sunflower.":[27],"Since":[28],"the":[29,46,165,170,173,182,191,197,220,228],"repellent":[30,43,56,134,168,195,208,229],"needs":[31],"be":[33,36,187,212],"ingested":[34],"effective,":[37],"one":[38],"obstacle":[39],"is":[40],"applying":[41],"sufficient":[42],"directly":[44],"sunflower":[47,62,89,174],"face.":[48],"Thus,":[49],"we":[50,104],"tested":[51],"efficacy":[52],"anthraquinone-based":[55],"when":[57],"applied":[58],"via":[59],"drop-nozzle":[60],"using":[63],"enclosed":[64],"a":[67,73,92,158,179],"semi-natural":[68],"field":[69],"setting.":[70],"We":[71],"used":[72],"ground-rig":[74],"equipped":[75],"with":[76,91],"360":[77],"Undercover\u00ae":[78],"drop":[79],"nozzle":[80],"sprayers":[81],"apply":[83],"20":[84],"gal/ac":[85,98],"solution":[87],"plots":[90],"product":[93,223],"application":[94,183,192],"rate":[95,193],"1.0":[97],"(13%":[99],"AQ).":[100],"To":[101],"test":[102],"efficacy,":[103],"installed":[105],"bird":[106],"enclosures":[107,156],"(12":[108],"x":[109,111],"13":[110],"10":[112,116,127,130],"ft)":[113],"house":[115],"captive,":[117],"male":[118],"red-winged":[119],"(Agelaius":[121],"phoeniceus)":[122],"23":[124],"days":[125],"treated":[128,153],"untreated":[131,155],"plots.":[132],"The":[133],"did":[135,149],"not":[136,150],"cause":[137],"birds":[138],"consume":[140],"more":[141],"alternative":[142],"diet":[143],"(i.e.,":[144],"red":[145],"milo).":[146],"Sunflower":[147],"yield":[148],"differ":[151],"between":[152],"as":[157,231],"result":[159],"blackbird":[161],"damage.":[162],"Variation":[163],"amount":[166,221],"reaching":[169],"face":[171],"subsequent":[176],"residues":[177],"was":[178],"limitation":[180],"method.":[184],"Efficacy":[185],"may":[186],"improved":[188],"by":[189],"increasing":[190],"or":[194],"tank":[198,225],"mixture,":[199],"but":[200],"sprayer":[201],"technology":[202],"economic":[204],"limitations":[205],"related":[206],"costs":[209],"need":[210],"considered.":[213],"Future":[214],"studies":[215],"should":[216],"aim":[217],"optimize":[219],"mixtures":[226],"formulation":[230],"designed":[232],"specific":[234],"pests":[235],"crops.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2020-02-14T00:00:00"}
