{"id":"https://openalex.org/W300497622","doi":null,"title":"Dark-rearing interference with emmetropization in the rhesus monkey.","display_name":"Dark-rearing interference with emmetropization in the rhesus monkey.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W300497622","mag":"300497622","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2703319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2703319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2703319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046960393","display_name":"David L. Guyton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-0357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-0357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D L Guyton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037889999","display_name":"Peter S. Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-0217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-0217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P R Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R T Scholz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R T Scholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84129196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"761","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-rearing","display_name":"dark rearing","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emmetropization","display_name":"emmetropization","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperopia","display_name":"hyperopia","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-development","display_name":"refractive development","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhesus-macaques","display_name":"rhesus monkeys","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopia-prevention","display_name":"myopia prevention","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycloplegic-retinoscopy","display_name":"cycloplegic retinoscopy","score":0.8790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C259533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193933","display_name":"Dioptre","level":3,"score":0.9245672821998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779027399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204170","display_name":"Darkness","level":2,"score":0.8482431173324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777744765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734755","display_name":"Hatching","level":2,"score":0.5372066497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147596","display_name":"Cycloplegia","level":4,"score":0.4794405996799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4060834050178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.32065677642822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3161560297012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2982863485813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781135284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427","display_name":"Refractive error","level":3,"score":0.27441346645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.17947322130203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776148792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041498","display_name":"Eye disease","level":2,"score":0.17791882157325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.10923746228218079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000822","descriptor_name":"Animal Husbandry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003623","descriptor_name":"Dark Adaptation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008251","descriptor_name":"Macaca","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008253","descriptor_name":"Macaca mulatta","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012029","descriptor_name":"Refraction, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2703319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2703319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:300497622","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2703319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79083797","https://openalex.org/W87916677","https://openalex.org/W108581561","https://openalex.org/W2004049947","https://openalex.org/W2007429410","https://openalex.org/W2017167482","https://openalex.org/W2023465379","https://openalex.org/W2029852184","https://openalex.org/W2041476231","https://openalex.org/W2070426830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W87916677","https://openalex.org/W3048210079","https://openalex.org/W2077448038","https://openalex.org/W3152208575","https://openalex.org/W1996030020","https://openalex.org/W2434487910","https://openalex.org/W2035188823","https://openalex.org/W2357954058","https://openalex.org/W3170164940","https://openalex.org/W2810670508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dark":[0],"rearing":[1,43],"has":[2,44],"been":[3,46,68],"shown":[4],"to":[5,32,56,89,114,126,217],"protect":[6],"against":[7],"the":[8,82,161,175,191,199,213],"development":[9],"of":[10,38,63,85,92,135,143,150,158,174,181,184,194,198,215],"lid-suture":[11],"myopia":[12],"in":[13,30,49,164,196],"monkeys":[14,19,65,74,110,119,162],"and":[15,20,101,140,155,203],"tree":[16],"shrews.":[17],"Dark-reared":[18],"cats,":[21],"with":[22,51,78,104,131,146],"or":[23,189],"without":[24],"lid":[25],"suture,":[26],"are":[27],"significantly":[28],"hyperopic":[29,122,210],"comparison":[31],"light-reared":[33],"controls.":[34],"The":[35,117],"time":[36],"course":[37],"refractive":[39],"change":[40],"during":[41],"dark":[42,76],"only":[45],"systematically":[47],"investigated":[48],"chicks,":[50],"hyperopia":[52,195],"increasing":[53],"from":[54,81,107,124],"14":[55],"42":[57],"days":[58,91,142,157],"after":[59],"hatching.":[60],"Longitudinal":[61],"refractions":[62,123],"dark-reared":[64,176],"have":[66],"not":[67],"reported":[69],"previously.":[70],"Five":[71],"infant":[72],"rhesus":[73],"were":[75,96,102],"reared":[77],"their":[79],"mothers":[80],"first":[83],"day":[84],"life":[86],"until":[87],"58":[88],"161":[90],"age.":[93],"Cycloplegic":[94],"retinoscopies":[95],"performed":[97],"at":[98,111,129,168],"2-week":[99],"intervals":[100],"compared":[103,145],"cross-sectional":[105],"data":[106],"18":[108],"normal":[109,118,192],"ages":[112],"1":[113],"81":[115,141,156],"days.":[116],"typically":[120],"had":[121],"+4":[125],"+8":[127,218],"diopters":[128,137,152,183],"birth":[130],"an":[132,147,179],"average":[133,148,180],"refraction":[134,149],"+2.8":[136],"between":[138,153],"30":[139,154],"age,":[144],"+5.3":[151],"age":[159],"for":[160,207],"raised":[163],"darkness":[165],"(difference":[166],"significant":[167],"P":[169],"less":[170],"than":[171],"0.05).":[172],"Three":[173],"animals":[177,211],"retained":[178],"7.0":[182],"hyperopia.":[185],"Darkness":[186],"thus":[187],"slowed":[188],"interrupted":[190],"loss":[193],"three":[197],"five":[200],"experimental":[201],"subjects,":[202],"may":[204],"be":[205],"useful":[206],"creating":[208],"model":[209],"on":[212],"order":[214],"+5":[216],"diopters.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}