{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004812704","doi":null,"title":"The effect of equid bark stripping on Boscia albitrunca populations","display_name":"The effect of equid bark stripping on Boscia albitrunca populations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004812704","mag":"3004812704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/33879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068192034","display_name":"Karin Marais","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karin Marais","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068192034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.5473999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12630","display_name":"African Botany and Ecology Studies","score":0.5473999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.22529999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.10000000149011612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bark-stripping","display_name":"bark stripping","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donkeys","display_name":"donkeys","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horses","display_name":"horses","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burchell-s-zebra","display_name":"Burchell's zebra","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-population-structure","display_name":"tree population structure","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-regeneration","display_name":"tree regeneration","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-types","display_name":"land use types","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communal-rangelands","display_name":"communal rangelands","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-fencing","display_name":"livestock fencing","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limpopo-province","display_name":"Limpopo Province","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-mortality","display_name":"tree mortality","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-condition","display_name":"tree condition","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/size-classes","display_name":"size classes","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133446333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38681","display_name":"Bark (sound)","level":2,"score":0.6967635154724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41952129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624159","display_name":"Stripping (fiber)","level":2,"score":0.6090893745422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.40430715680122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3841163218021393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.335257351398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2974962592124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22062814235687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2022729516029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11042287945747375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/33879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:3004812704","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/33879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/33879","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/33879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004812704.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004812704.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":120,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22431737","https://openalex.org/W78489981","https://openalex.org/W132074229","https://openalex.org/W132761731","https://openalex.org/W196478325","https://openalex.org/W243957392","https://openalex.org/W862184021","https://openalex.org/W1433368088","https://openalex.org/W1480092759","https://openalex.org/W1499058644","https://openalex.org/W1514053038","https://openalex.org/W1523699344","https://openalex.org/W1529373216","https://openalex.org/W1529700850","https://openalex.org/W1557000164","https://openalex.org/W1585933995","https://openalex.org/W1594398767","https://openalex.org/W1612362841","https://openalex.org/W1615916807","https://openalex.org/W1913977636","https://openalex.org/W1947903807","https://openalex.org/W1964717755","https://openalex.org/W1965835762","https://openalex.org/W1974655800","https://openalex.org/W1976518031","https://openalex.org/W1978775389","https://openalex.org/W1980491497","https://openalex.org/W1981272201","https://openalex.org/W1981567712","https://openalex.org/W1982619252","https://openalex.org/W1985239464","https://openalex.org/W1987177836","https://openalex.org/W1988168978","https://openalex.org/W1989992157","https://openalex.org/W1991264610","https://openalex.org/W1994860698","https://openalex.org/W1995366825","https://openalex.org/W2006160512","https://openalex.org/W2018022567","https://openalex.org/W2021242255","https://openalex.org/W2021450533","https://openalex.org/W2027856225","https://openalex.org/W2028953322","https://openalex.org/W2030903202","https://openalex.org/W2034133374","https://openalex.org/W2034580302","https://openalex.org/W2040797005","https://openalex.org/W2046782842","https://openalex.org/W2047297267","https://openalex.org/W2048255902","https://openalex.org/W2055376671","https://openalex.org/W2055819545","https://openalex.org/W2059009073","https://openalex.org/W2065778667","https://openalex.org/W2067025780","https://openalex.org/W2067490104","https://openalex.org/W2069018429","https://openalex.org/W2072259226","https://openalex.org/W2074645850","https://openalex.org/W2074821583","https://openalex.org/W2076831120","https://openalex.org/W2077826753","https://openalex.org/W2085558754","https://openalex.org/W2088185382","https://openalex.org/W2089707382","https://openalex.org/W2090275297","https://openalex.org/W2097903455","https://openalex.org/W2098552450","https://openalex.org/W2099094914","https://openalex.org/W2103964352","https://openalex.org/W2105392953","https://openalex.org/W2105550496","https://openalex.org/W2106333520","https://openalex.org/W2110415881","https://openalex.org/W2114014685","https://openalex.org/W2116751389","https://openalex.org/W2120213232","https://openalex.org/W2121388629","https://openalex.org/W2124219562","https://openalex.org/W2124770012","https://openalex.org/W2126650553","https://openalex.org/W2130183582","https://openalex.org/W2131519042","https://openalex.org/W2133167501","https://openalex.org/W2134259119","https://openalex.org/W2135908407","https://openalex.org/W2143086068","https://openalex.org/W2144799112","https://openalex.org/W2150501313","https://openalex.org/W2155697835","https://openalex.org/W2157731123","https://openalex.org/W2157972169","https://openalex.org/W2158041202","https://openalex.org/W2160260062","https://openalex.org/W2160792411","https://openalex.org/W2162863952","https://openalex.org/W2164481256","https://openalex.org/W2175427911","https://openalex.org/W2182503455","https://openalex.org/W2199264560","https://openalex.org/W2281612285","https://openalex.org/W2317055971","https://openalex.org/W2328159440","https://openalex.org/W2374274466","https://openalex.org/W2400316047","https://openalex.org/W2470172400","https://openalex.org/W2478285095","https://openalex.org/W2564860711","https://openalex.org/W2583779386","https://openalex.org/W2601882555","https://openalex.org/W2626446039","https://openalex.org/W2726907176","https://openalex.org/W2748383201","https://openalex.org/W2757597977","https://openalex.org/W2758384640","https://openalex.org/W2772502389","https://openalex.org/W2773435222","https://openalex.org/W2781630599","https://openalex.org/W2792260685","https://openalex.org/W2792621371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160260062","https://openalex.org/W2136603115","https://openalex.org/W2752182770","https://openalex.org/W2011317591","https://openalex.org/W7034534598","https://openalex.org/W2517758114","https://openalex.org/W2103517031","https://openalex.org/W4302422730","https://openalex.org/W947762819","https://openalex.org/W4388094286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Boscia":[0],"albitrunca":[1,43,94,123,177,191,205,214,256,269,297,327,375],"(Shepherd's":[2],"Tree)":[3],"is":[4,41],"a":[5,44,66,146,356],"protected":[6],"tree":[7,274,313],"providing":[8,33],"important":[9],"ecosystem":[10],"services":[11],"and":[12,63,187,208,241,307,344,354],"functions":[13],"within":[14],"its":[15,28,69],"distribution":[16],"area.Populations":[17],"of":[18,32,80,90,106,113,121,189,212,265,281,348,373,381],"this":[19,81,172,260],"species":[20,47,100,173],"are":[21,76,299],"under":[22,259],"increasing":[23],"herbivory":[24],"pressure":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,48,85,127,166,224,237,302,355,364],"rather":[29],"unique":[30],"function":[31],"evergreen":[34],"foliage":[35],"in":[36,101,139,163,183,218,228,231,376],"droughtprone":[37],"African":[38],"savannas.Not":[39],"only":[40],"B.":[42,93,122,155,176,190,204,213,255,268,296,326,374],"preferred":[45],"browse":[46],"native":[49],"wild":[50],"herbivores,":[51],"but":[52],"also":[53,153],"favoured":[54],"by":[55,96,130,197,251,305,332,334,340,352,359],"domesticated":[56],"livestock,":[57],"specifically":[58],"equids,":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61],"horses":[62,150,240,343],"donkeys":[64,132,233,306,336,353],"with":[65],"preference":[67],"for":[68],"nutritious":[70],"bark":[71,349],"when":[72],"other":[73],"forage":[74],"resources":[75],"limited.The":[77],"primary":[78],"aim":[79],"study":[82,165,179],"was":[83,116,161,226,278,330],"therefore":[84],"critically":[86],"assess":[87],"the":[88,102,107,110,164,184,200,219,229,244,252,266,282,286,291,309,346,369,377,382],"effects":[89,284,362],"bark-stripping":[91,129,303,333],"on":[92,143,175,203,285,325,368],"populations":[95,192],"three":[97],"different":[98],"equid":[99],"Mopane-Sand":[103,378],"River":[104,379],"area":[105,380],"Limpopo":[108,383],"Province.During":[109],"dry":[111],"seasons":[112],"2012-2014":[114],"it":[115],"observed":[117],"that":[118,136,221,295],"large":[119],"numbers":[120],"individuals":[124,270,298],"were":[125,137,216,222,234,320],"subjected":[126],"severe":[128],"free-ranging":[131,149,242,341],"(Equus":[133,151,158],"asinus":[134],"africanus)":[135],"kept":[138],"fenced-in":[140,235],"areas":[141,220,230,238],"or":[142],"communal":[144],"rangelands.To":[145],"lesser":[147,357],"extent,":[148],"caballus)":[152],"bark-stripped":[154],"albitrunca.Burchell's":[156],"Zebra":[157],"quagga":[159],"burchelli)":[160],"included":[162],"discover":[167],"what":[168],"impact,":[169],"if":[170],"any,":[171],"had":[174,199],"trees.This":[178],"revealed":[180,294],"significant":[181],"variations":[182],"population":[185,206,257,328,371],"structure":[186,207],"stability":[188,372],"across":[193,290],"land-use":[194,262,292],"types.Zebras,":[195],"followed":[196],"donkeys,":[198,342],"highest":[201,210,323],"impact":[202,324],"stability.The":[209],"densities":[211],"trees":[215,316],"recorded":[217],"exposed":[223],"donkeys.Regeneration":[225],"healthier":[227],"which":[232],"compared":[236],"hosting":[239],"donkeys.However,":[243],"moderately":[245],"steep":[246],"positive":[247],"regression":[248],"slope":[249],"displayed":[250],"zebra-areas":[253],"suggested":[254],"declines":[258],"particular":[261],"system.Approximately":[263],"15%":[264],"sampled":[267],"exhibited":[271],"very":[272],"poor":[273],"condition,":[275],"although":[276],"mortality":[277],"not":[279],"significant.Assessment":[280],"damage":[283,304,350],"various":[287],"size":[288],"classes":[289],"types":[293],"most":[300],"susceptible":[301],"exhibit":[308],"least":[310],"robust":[311],"overall":[312,370],"condition.However,":[314],"larger":[315],"(>45":[317],"cm":[318],"diameter)":[319],"less":[321],"affected.The":[322],"health":[329],"caused":[331],"enclosed":[335],",":[337],"followed,":[338],"respectively,":[339],"zebras.Despite":[345],"severity":[347],"imposed":[351],"degree":[358],"horses,":[360],"these":[361],"seem":[363],"have":[365],"little":[366],"effect":[367],"Province,":[384],"South":[385],"Africa.":[386]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-02-14T00:00:00"}
