{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004458411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","title":"How Robust is Your Automatic Diagnosis Model?","display_name":"How Robust is Your Automatic Diagnosis Model?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004458411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","mag":"3004458411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607730","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001578135","display_name":"Ke Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-5023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-5023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271667","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02tcm9e24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458580","display_name":"Guangyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5674-2642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5674-2642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271667","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02tcm9e24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446701","display_name":"Ning Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-0048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-0048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271667","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02tcm9e24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443189","display_name":"Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-9166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-9166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271667","display_name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02tcm9e24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271667","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25661041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"877","last_page":"884"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-examples","display_name":"adversarial examples","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-text-generation","display_name":"adversarial text generation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-diagnosis","display_name":"automated diagnosis","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-notes","display_name":"clinical notes","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-robustness","display_name":"model robustness","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-label-classification","display_name":"multi-label classification","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embeddings","display_name":"word embeddings","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-and-black-box-attacks","display_name":"white-box and black-box attacks","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimic-iii","display_name":"MIMIC-III","score":0.8690000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7939774990081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7603640556335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.709696888923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6213365197181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6040896773338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5796648263931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.541535496711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180932941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997233","display_name":"White box","level":2,"score":0.4817052483558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3596322536468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607730","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2141173017","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2516574342","https://openalex.org/W2552767274","https://openalex.org/W2609368435","https://openalex.org/W2727966874","https://openalex.org/W2735135478","https://openalex.org/W2768948924","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2784815861","https://openalex.org/W2787132559","https://openalex.org/W2793303269","https://openalex.org/W2799194071","https://openalex.org/W2811010710","https://openalex.org/W2905526464","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2998277219","https://openalex.org/W6749272056","https://openalex.org/W6749466839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122924283","https://openalex.org/W4413902384","https://openalex.org/W7169772437","https://openalex.org/W7131080668","https://openalex.org/W4226154744","https://openalex.org/W4403899408","https://openalex.org/W3098724294","https://openalex.org/W2797142180","https://openalex.org/W2939181282","https://openalex.org/W2974122258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"diagnosis":[1,64,122,179,197],"based":[2],"on":[3,116,183],"clinical":[4,135],"notes":[5,136],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,124,150,165],"popular":[9],"research":[10,28],"field":[11],"recently,":[12],"and":[13,48,59,131,142,162,171,202],"many":[14],"proposed":[15],"deep":[16,31],"learning":[17,32],"models":[18,33,198],"have":[19],"achieved":[20],"competitive":[21],"performance":[22],"in":[23,68,139],"diseases":[24],"inference.":[25],"However,":[26],"previous":[27,109],"reveals":[29],"that":[30,187],"are":[34,83,137],"susceptible":[35],"to":[36,99,149],"negligibly":[37],"perturbed":[38],"inputs":[39],"named":[40],"adversarial":[41,72,80,104,110,173],"examples,":[42],"which":[43,95],"contradicts":[44],"with":[45,199],"the":[46,52,57,69,89,129,158,193,200],"safety":[47],"reliability":[49],"requirements":[50],"of":[51,61,71,134,195],"medical":[53,132,203],"domain.":[54],"To":[55],"analyze":[56],"vulnerability":[58],"robustness":[60],"current":[62],"automatic":[63,121,178,196],"models,":[65,119],"we":[66,156],"investigate":[67],"generation":[70,112,176],"text":[73,81,174],"examples.":[74],"The":[75],"main":[76,160],"challenges":[77,161],"for":[78,168],"generating":[79],"examples":[82,106,175],"divided":[84],"into":[85],"three":[86,159],"parts.":[87],"First,":[88],"word":[90],"embedding":[91],"space":[92],"is":[93,123],"discrete,":[94],"makes":[96],"it":[97],"hard":[98],"perturb":[100],"as":[101,103],"small":[102,144],"image":[105],"generation.":[107],"Second,":[108],"example":[111],"methods":[113],"focus":[114],"mainly":[115],"multi-class":[117],"classification":[118,126],"while":[120],"multi-label":[125],"task.":[127],"Third,":[128],"semantic":[130,201],"meaning":[133,204],"vital":[138],"disease":[140],"inference,":[141],"even":[143],"perturbations":[145],"can":[146,190],"change":[147],"them":[148],"large":[151],"extent.":[152],"In":[153],"this":[154],"paper,":[155],"address":[157],"propose":[163],"Clinical-Attacker,":[164],"general":[166],"framework":[167,189],"both":[169],"white-box":[170],"black-box":[172],"against":[177],"models.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"MIMIC-III":[184],"dataset":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"our":[188],"easily":[191],"alter":[192],"predictions":[194],"preserved.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-02-14T00:00:00"}
