{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004039713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11588/xarep.00000308","title":"How to Reform a Traditional Buddhist Monarchy: The Political Achievements of His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the Fourth King of Bhutan (1972-2006)","display_name":"How to Reform a Traditional Buddhist Monarchy: The Political Achievements of His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the Fourth King of Bhutan (1972-2006)","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004039713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11588/xarep.00000308","mag":"3004039713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de:308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","pdf_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055133","display_name":"FID4SA-Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082489928","display_name":"Thierry Mathou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mathou, Thierry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082489928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9429,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90317125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13002","display_name":"Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies","score":0.21960000693798065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13956","display_name":"Sociopolitical Dynamics in Nepal","score":0.06599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-reform","display_name":"political reform","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-monarchy","display_name":"traditional monarchy","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-modernization","display_name":"political modernization","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdication","display_name":"abdication","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sikkim","display_name":"Sikkim","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nepal","display_name":"Nepal","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777228553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310094","display_name":"Reign","level":3,"score":0.7942296266555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203458295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269","display_name":"Monarchy","level":3,"score":0.775421142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.704889714717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.6815040707588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.6503922343254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779707719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063239","display_name":"Polity","level":3,"score":0.6320745944976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780735018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207549","display_name":"Abdication","level":3,"score":0.6148864030838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.5633495450019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5496805310249329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.49416640400886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48212194442749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781046721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28108","display_name":"Political system","level":4,"score":0.4795379638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.4538685977458954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4338797926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3799947500228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.3386753797531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31706973910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.30904489755630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27296245098114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de:308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","pdf_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055133","display_name":"FID4SA-Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de:308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","pdf_url":"http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402193","display_name":"CrossAsia-Repository (Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","host_organization_name":"Heidelberg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},{"id":"doi:10.11588/xarep.00000308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11588/xarep.00000308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11588/xarep.00000308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051545","display_name":"University Library Heidelberg","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"mag:3004039713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://crossasia-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de:308","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","pdf_url":"https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/308/1/TraditionalMonarchy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055133","display_name":"FID4SA-Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18332309","https://openalex.org/W613783800","https://openalex.org/W642909955","https://openalex.org/W1484122373","https://openalex.org/W2057833116","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2742597512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742597512","https://openalex.org/W6941170140","https://openalex.org/W7220563409","https://openalex.org/W3036372787","https://openalex.org/W4231101441","https://openalex.org/W4247959005","https://openalex.org/W7057395331","https://openalex.org/W2201694105","https://openalex.org/W2901147476","https://openalex.org/W2625858205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bhutan":[0,190,247,273],"is":[1,36,110],"one":[2],"of":[3,20,133,156,163,174,201,269,272,289],"the":[4,9,21,39,45,61,85,88,120,131,141,147,149,153,161,164,172,202,214,260,267],"least":[5],"developed":[6],"countries":[7],"in":[8,31,38,44,58,60,67,69,77,144,189,198,218],"world.":[10,203],"Yet":[11],"it":[12],"has":[13,136,151,169,191,237],"become":[14],"not":[15,137,192,211],"only":[16,213],"a":[17,26,32,70,100,106,184,253,275],"living":[18],"conservatory":[19],"Buddhist":[22],"culture,":[23],"but":[24,221],"also":[25,127,222],"laboratory":[27],"for":[28,84],"political":[29,89,134],"reform":[30,188,281],"traditional":[33,103],"society.":[34],"This":[35],"unique":[37],"world":[40],"and":[41,63,87,105,230,241,286],"most":[42],"significant":[43],"Himalayan":[46],"region":[47],"where":[48],"local":[49],"polities,":[50],"when":[51],"confronted":[52],"to":[53,92,112,115,140,225,257,264],"major":[54],"challenges":[55],"as":[56,64,158,252],"experienced":[57],"Sikkim":[59],"1970s":[62],"currently":[65],"seen":[66,251],"Nepal":[68],"totally":[71],"different":[72],"context,":[73],"have":[74],"never":[75],"succeeded":[76],"modernising":[78,108],"themselves":[79],"without":[80],"disruptive":[81],"consequences":[82],"both":[83,282],"society":[86],"structures.":[90],"Contrary":[91],"Huntington's":[93],"general":[94],"predicaments":[95],"that":[96,266],"\"the":[97],"struggle":[98],"between":[99],"pro-status":[101],"quo":[102],"elite":[104,109],"pro-change":[107],"likely":[111],"be":[113,212,250],"fatal":[114,139],"any":[116],"monarchical":[117,142],"system":[118,143],"lacking":[119],"western":[121,258],"European":[122],"political-cultural":[123],"background\"":[124],"(Huntington,":[125],"1968,":[126],"see":[128],"Rose,":[129],"1977),":[130],"process":[132,236],"modernization":[135,157],"been":[138,152,180,238],"Bhutan.":[145],"On":[146],"contrary,":[148],"monarch":[150],"main":[154,207],"agent":[155],"demonstrated":[159],"during":[160],"reign":[162,268],"Fourth":[165,205,270],"King.":[166],"His":[167],"abdication":[168],"even":[170],"enhanced":[171],"legitimacy":[173],"his":[175,219,223,244],"dynasty":[176],"whose":[177],"founder":[178],"had":[179],"elected":[181],"more":[182],"than":[183],"century":[185],"ago.":[186],"Indeed,":[187],"followed":[193],"usual":[194],"patterns":[195],"generally":[196],"observed":[197],"other":[199],"parts":[200],"The":[204,234],"King's":[206],"historical":[208],"legacy":[209],"might":[210],"changes":[215],"he":[216],"allowed":[217],"country,":[220],"willingness":[224],"promote":[226],"genuine":[227],"Bhutanese":[228],"ways":[229],"means":[231],"towards":[232,280],"modernization.":[233],"democratisation":[235],"carefully":[239],"thought":[240],"prepared":[242],"throughout":[243],"reign.":[245],"Although":[246],"can":[248],"still":[249],"conservative":[254],"polity":[255],"according":[256],"standards,":[259],"present":[261],"paper":[262],"intends":[263],"demonstrate":[265],"King":[271],"was":[274],"decisive":[276],"though":[277],"progressive":[278],"march":[279],"from":[283],"social,":[284],"political,":[285],"diplomatic":[287],"points":[288],"view.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-31T07:19:18.363097","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}
