{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004027969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles","display_name":"Antimicrobial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004027969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","mag":"3004027969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5772/intechopen.90891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/70919","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance - A One Health Perspective","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135392709","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance - A One Health Perspective"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/70919","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069216988","display_name":"Carol L\u00f3pez de Dicastillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-9765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-9765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10457146","display_name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma57s91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269702","display_name":"Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z783a74","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carol L\u00f3pez de Dicastillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146","https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074004824","display_name":"Mat\u00edas Guerrero Correa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5776-8094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5776-8094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10457146","display_name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma57s91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269702","display_name":"Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z783a74","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matias Guerrero Correa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146","https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085493008","display_name":"Fernanda B. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10457146","display_name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma57s91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269702","display_name":"Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z783a74","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernanda B. Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146","https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002511266","display_name":"Camilo Streitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10457146","display_name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma57s91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269702","display_name":"Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z783a74","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilo Streitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146","https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056650301","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Galotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-9885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-9885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10457146","display_name":"Universidad de Santiago de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma57s91","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10457146"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269702","display_name":"Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/04z783a74","country_code":"CL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jos\u00e9 Galotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146","https://openalex.org/I4405269702"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069216988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10457146","https://openalex.org/I4405269702"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.5016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles","display_name":"titanium dioxide nanoparticles","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocatalysis","display_name":"photocatalysis","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-oxide-nanoparticles","display_name":"metal oxide nanoparticles","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-synthesis","display_name":"nanoparticle synthesis","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radical-production","display_name":"free radical generation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radicals","display_name":"hydroxyl radicals","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radicals","display_name":"superoxide","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-activity","display_name":"antifungal activity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-mechanisms","display_name":"antimicrobial mechanisms","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.8539658784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777593239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193521","display_name":"Titanium dioxide","level":2,"score":0.6244406700134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77176794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187689","display_name":"Oxidizing agent","level":2,"score":0.6098652482032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5630497336387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.4955707788467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.4756945073604584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.42348620295524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4191143214702606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.4109709858894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.40377187728881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3898087441921234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.26095685362815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1860285997390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.11543083190917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09731927514076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5772/intechopen.90891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/70919","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance - A One Health Perspective","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biblioboard.com:819adb9a-eb82-4376-b6b8-95cb39f665e0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/819adb9a-eb82-4376-b6b8-95cb39f665e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401131","display_name":"BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MODID-6d55e02e354:IntechOpen","raw_type":"CHAPTER"},{"id":"pmh:oai:intechopen.com:70919","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/antimicrobial-effect-of-titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401291","display_name":"Contact-less Assessment of In-vivo Body Signals Using Microwave Doppler Radar (InTech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210154139","host_organization_name":"Intech (Slovakia)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/70919","raw_type":"1"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5772/intechopen.90891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90891","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/70919","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance - A One Health Perspective","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3578201038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fondecyt Regular 1170624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G384438632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FB0807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6805260497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project FB0807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311278","display_name":"Corporaci\u00f3n de Fomento de la Producci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/00as45r68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/02ap3w078"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004027969.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004027969.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W794649103","https://openalex.org/W872030841","https://openalex.org/W1833915480","https://openalex.org/W1952684310","https://openalex.org/W1964024578","https://openalex.org/W1965630260","https://openalex.org/W1969887535","https://openalex.org/W1972519834","https://openalex.org/W1975090446","https://openalex.org/W1976381180","https://openalex.org/W1980495221","https://openalex.org/W1983383404","https://openalex.org/W1987444121","https://openalex.org/W2009791213","https://openalex.org/W2014723793","https://openalex.org/W2016243996","https://openalex.org/W2022256605","https://openalex.org/W2034790534","https://openalex.org/W2043730696","https://openalex.org/W2045388510","https://openalex.org/W2058601682","https://openalex.org/W2058748740","https://openalex.org/W2060227609","https://openalex.org/W2067578233","https://openalex.org/W2070370430","https://openalex.org/W2072136975","https://openalex.org/W2073251436","https://openalex.org/W2080770872","https://openalex.org/W2084864262","https://openalex.org/W2086844864","https://openalex.org/W2087098072","https://openalex.org/W2087570294","https://openalex.org/W2090652182","https://openalex.org/W2091788099","https://openalex.org/W2098244171","https://openalex.org/W2110856327","https://openalex.org/W2117151781","https://openalex.org/W2126766960","https://openalex.org/W2138925030","https://openalex.org/W2139328007","https://openalex.org/W2142480093","https://openalex.org/W2144481287","https://openalex.org/W2147819711","https://openalex.org/W2149263270","https://openalex.org/W2151000507","https://openalex.org/W2152020501","https://openalex.org/W2154347963","https://openalex.org/W2186252601","https://openalex.org/W2187181594","https://openalex.org/W2292816689","https://openalex.org/W2297624589","https://openalex.org/W2315208969","https://openalex.org/W2334760398","https://openalex.org/W2349810413","https://openalex.org/W2464208835","https://openalex.org/W2470848523","https://openalex.org/W2510781857","https://openalex.org/W2520771862","https://openalex.org/W2534022451","https://openalex.org/W2598831621","https://openalex.org/W2611412093","https://openalex.org/W2614664430","https://openalex.org/W2617334707","https://openalex.org/W2620160911","https://openalex.org/W2626900646","https://openalex.org/W2782371580","https://openalex.org/W2790283252","https://openalex.org/W2791109430","https://openalex.org/W2793250540","https://openalex.org/W2887854800","https://openalex.org/W2888861142","https://openalex.org/W2898637987","https://openalex.org/W2898712184","https://openalex.org/W2926599964","https://openalex.org/W2939414075","https://openalex.org/W2947976163","https://openalex.org/W2951595539","https://openalex.org/W2955395134","https://openalex.org/W2969070395","https://openalex.org/W2981248454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413433155","https://openalex.org/W4402996243","https://openalex.org/W4392207348","https://openalex.org/W2954690361","https://openalex.org/W4241532263","https://openalex.org/W4303509830","https://openalex.org/W2504100684","https://openalex.org/W2339993577","https://openalex.org/W4385476605","https://openalex.org/W4283758460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25],"widespread":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,10,88,113,115,121,132,168,171,179],"antibiotics":[4],"has":[5,31,42],"led":[6],"to":[7,51,135],"the":[8,130,165,175],"emergence":[9],"multidrug-resistant":[11],"bacterial":[12],"strains,":[13],"and":[14,22,55,64,81,91,118,147,161],"therefore":[15],"a":[16,59,85],"current":[17],"concern":[18],"for":[19,27],"food":[20],"safety":[21],"human":[23],"health.":[24],"interest":[26],"new":[28],"antimicrobial":[29,48,119,169],"substances":[30],"been":[32,43],"focused":[33],"toward":[34],"metal":[35,76],"oxide":[36,77],"nanoparticles.":[37],"Specifically,":[38],"titanium":[39,100],"dioxide":[40,101],"(TiO2)":[41],"considered":[44],"as":[45,67,145,158],"an":[46],"attractive":[47],"compound":[49],"due":[50,134],"its":[52],"photocatalytic":[53],"nature":[54],"because":[56],"it":[57],"is":[58],"chemically":[60],"stable,":[61],"non-toxic,":[62],"inexpensive,":[63],"Generally":[65],"Recognized":[66],"Safe":[68],"(GRAS)":[69],"substance.":[70],"Several":[71],"studies":[72],"have":[73],"revealed":[74],"this":[75,107,180],"demonstrates":[78],"excellent":[79],"antifungal":[80],"antibacterial":[82],"properties":[83,95],"against":[84,154],"broad":[86],"range":[87],"both":[89],"Gram-positive":[90],"Gram-negative":[92],"bacteria.":[93],"These":[94],"were":[96],"significantly":[97],"improved":[98],"by":[99,140],"nanoparticles":[102,173],"(TiO2":[103],"NPs)":[104],"synthesis.":[105],"In":[106],"chapter,":[108],"latest":[109],"developments":[110],"on":[111],"routes":[112],"synthesis":[114],"TiO2":[116,127],"NPs":[117,128],"activity":[120],"these":[122,172],"nanostructures":[123],"are":[124],"presented.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"favor":[129],"inactivation":[131],"microorganisms":[133],"their":[136],"strong":[137],"oxidizing":[138],"power":[139],"free":[141],"radical":[142],"generation,":[143],"such":[144,157],"hydroxyl":[146],"superoxide":[148],"anion":[149],"radicals,":[150],"showing":[151],"reductions":[152],"growth":[153],"several":[155],"microorganisms,":[156],"Escherichia":[159],"coli":[160],"Staphylococcus":[162],"aureus.":[163],"Understanding":[164],"main":[166,177],"mechanisms":[167],"action":[170],"was":[174],"second":[176],"purpose":[178],"chapter.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}