{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003758409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","title":"Passive objective measures in the assessment of problematic smartphone use: A systematic review","display_name":"Passive objective measures in the assessment of problematic smartphone use: A systematic review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003758409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","mag":"3003758409","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32467846","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7244920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219301865/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898531107","display_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","issn_l":"2352-8532","issn":["2352-8532"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219301865/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046250246","display_name":"Chloe Ryding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-3184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-3184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesca C. Ryding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005992442","display_name":"Daria Joanna Kuss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-782X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-782X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daria J. Kuss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046250246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"apc_list":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"apc_paid":{"value":2250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2250},"fwci":2.9198,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92411924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"100257","last_page":"100257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-addiction","display_name":"smartphone addiction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-usage-patterns","display_name":"smartphone usage patterns","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-time","display_name":"screen time","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020250448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone application","level":2,"score":0.7114181518554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.6667656898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5372723340988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4598354697227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201886","display_name":"Web of science","level":3,"score":0.44683200120925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4402032196521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4177000820636749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.35439184308052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28047704696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2750924229621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17845728993415833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.14358901977539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0816904604434967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219301865/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898531107","display_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","issn_l":"2352-8532","issn":["2352-8532"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7244920","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7244920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addict Behav Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32467846","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32467846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addictive behaviors reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:39236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/39236/1/1294294_Kuss.pdf","pdf_url":"http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/39236/1/1294294_Kuss.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ded98757bc849518cb0990b09d50f86","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ded98757bc849518cb0990b09d50f86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports, Vol 11, Iss , Pp - (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853219301865/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898531107","display_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","issn_l":"2352-8532","issn":["2352-8532"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003758409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003758409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178691628","https://openalex.org/W1642711339","https://openalex.org/W1776190173","https://openalex.org/W1924832216","https://openalex.org/W1963738667","https://openalex.org/W1969269090","https://openalex.org/W1974962426","https://openalex.org/W1980891763","https://openalex.org/W1983300113","https://openalex.org/W1985445477","https://openalex.org/W1988710891","https://openalex.org/W2000772885","https://openalex.org/W2017355618","https://openalex.org/W2020911435","https://openalex.org/W2022991558","https://openalex.org/W2028157661","https://openalex.org/W2050401814","https://openalex.org/W2059146912","https://openalex.org/W2062808044","https://openalex.org/W2069256380","https://openalex.org/W2071611852","https://openalex.org/W2071802076","https://openalex.org/W2081156723","https://openalex.org/W2084863892","https://openalex.org/W2091230101","https://openalex.org/W2094181737","https://openalex.org/W2094585474","https://openalex.org/W2095414363","https://openalex.org/W2098427813","https://openalex.org/W2103676101","https://openalex.org/W2111721792","https://openalex.org/W2120794304","https://openalex.org/W2126026019","https://openalex.org/W2135374245","https://openalex.org/W2148445422","https://openalex.org/W2153512224","https://openalex.org/W2155003464","https://openalex.org/W2211847633","https://openalex.org/W2245231029","https://openalex.org/W2253182777","https://openalex.org/W2269816967","https://openalex.org/W2300303035","https://openalex.org/W2321609854","https://openalex.org/W2416219446","https://openalex.org/W2465301949","https://openalex.org/W2498782169","https://openalex.org/W2527878972","https://openalex.org/W2578856715","https://openalex.org/W2580382119","https://openalex.org/W2588915324","https://openalex.org/W2596735299","https://openalex.org/W2604625614","https://openalex.org/W2608175373","https://openalex.org/W2624920789","https://openalex.org/W2625808408","https://openalex.org/W2712981630","https://openalex.org/W2743889434","https://openalex.org/W2750688528","https://openalex.org/W2752810496","https://openalex.org/W2753912836","https://openalex.org/W2755075351","https://openalex.org/W2767071908","https://openalex.org/W2772395238","https://openalex.org/W2775819279","https://openalex.org/W2780061678","https://openalex.org/W2781484749","https://openalex.org/W2792227756","https://openalex.org/W2795709653","https://openalex.org/W2800019446","https://openalex.org/W2800349659","https://openalex.org/W2803663223","https://openalex.org/W2803856768","https://openalex.org/W2808240146","https://openalex.org/W2883382886","https://openalex.org/W2884718929","https://openalex.org/W2890221525","https://openalex.org/W2890428861","https://openalex.org/W2904036819","https://openalex.org/W2907641345","https://openalex.org/W2922417943","https://openalex.org/W2942805235","https://openalex.org/W2947307188","https://openalex.org/W2954972220","https://openalex.org/W3171418018","https://openalex.org/W4244342442","https://openalex.org/W7074234824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803856768","https://openalex.org/W4290975236","https://openalex.org/W4286559722","https://openalex.org/W3206538617","https://openalex.org/W4367548987","https://openalex.org/W3201701838","https://openalex.org/W3013992989","https://openalex.org/W2968891374","https://openalex.org/W6925233283","https://openalex.org/W4393322720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"focussing":[1],"on":[2,86,117],"problematic":[3,21,40,68],"smartphone":[4,41,69,101,118],"use":[5],"has":[6],"predominantly":[7,84],"employed":[8,65],"psychometric":[9],"tests":[10],"which":[11],"cannot":[12],"capture":[13],"the":[14,76],"automatic":[15],"processes":[16],"and":[17,54,91,112,121],"behaviours":[18],"associated":[19],"with":[20],"use.":[22,42],"The":[23],"present":[24],"review":[25],"aimed":[26],"to":[27,38,57,66,104],"identify":[28,58],"passive":[29,59,97,125],"objective":[30,60,126],"measures":[31,61,127],"that":[32,62,81,96],"have":[33,63],"been":[34,64],"used":[35],"or":[36],"developed":[37],"assess":[39,67],"A":[43],"systematic":[44],"search":[45],"was":[46],"conducted":[47],"using":[48],"Web":[49],"of":[50,123],"Science,":[51],"Scopus,":[52],"PsychInfo":[53],"PubMed":[55],"databases":[56],"use,":[70],"resulting":[71],"in":[72,128],"18":[73],"studies":[74],"meeting":[75],"inclusion":[77],"criteria.":[78],"Objective":[79],"data":[80,116],"were":[82],"monitored":[83],"focussed":[85],"general":[87],"screen":[88],"usage":[89,102],"time":[90],"checking":[92],"patterns.":[93],"Findings":[94],"demonstrate":[95],"monitoring":[98],"can":[99],"enable":[100],"patterns":[103],"be":[105],"inferred":[106],"within":[107],"a":[108],"relatively":[109],"short":[110],"timeframe":[111],"provide":[113],"ecologically":[114],"valid":[115],"behaviour.":[119],"Challenges":[120],"recommendations":[122],"employing":[124],"smartphone-based":[129],"research":[130],"are":[131],"discussed.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}
