{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003402667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","title":"A COMPARISON OF HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES USING \u201cRING THE BELL\u201d; A LOW COST HIGH IMPACT INNOVATIVE TOOL","display_name":"A COMPARISON OF HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES USING \u201cRING THE BELL\u201d; A LOW COST HIGH IMPACT INNOVATIVE TOOL","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003402667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","mag":"3003402667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36106/ijar/9800184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764357075","display_name":"Indian Journal Of Applied Research","issn_l":"2249-555X","issn":["2249-555X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320570","host_organization_name":"World Wide Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320570"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Wide Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3003402667"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110663763","display_name":"Anand S Kannapur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153078","display_name":"Command Hospital Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/05cx69s52","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801959050","https://openalex.org/I4210153078"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand S Kannapur","raw_affiliation_strings":["MD, EDIC, Concept And Design, Drafting & Manuscript Revision Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007 *Corresponding Author","Conduct Of Study & Statistical Analysis Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MD, EDIC, Concept And Design, Drafting & Manuscript Revision Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007 *Corresponding Author","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conduct Of Study & Statistical Analysis Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153078"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081413085","display_name":"Sudarshan Naik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-5061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-5061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153078","display_name":"Command Hospital Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/05cx69s52","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801959050","https://openalex.org/I4210153078"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudarshan Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBBS, Conduct Of Study & Statistical Analysis Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007","Manuscript Revision Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBBS, Conduct Of Study & Statistical Analysis Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manuscript Revision Department Of Anaesthesiology And Critical Care, Command Hospital Air Force Bangalore Agram Post, Bangalore 560007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153078"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153078"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00683932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene-compliance","display_name":"hand hygiene compliance","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bell-ringing","display_name":"bell ringing","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit","display_name":"intensive care unit","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing","display_name":"hand washing","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-sanitizer","display_name":"hand sanitizer","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infection-control","display_name":"nosocomial infection prevention","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-interventions","display_name":"low-cost interventions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.8882125020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7278269529342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46823376417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.42853373289108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777919664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552461","display_name":"Hand washing","level":3,"score":0.42740675806999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3794219493865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3504287600517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36106/ijar/9800184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764357075","display_name":"Indian Journal Of Applied Research","issn_l":"2249-555X","issn":["2249-555X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320570","host_organization_name":"World Wide Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320570"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Wide Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36106/ijar/9800184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/9800184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764357075","display_name":"Indian Journal Of Applied Research","issn_l":"2249-555X","issn":["2249-555X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320570","host_organization_name":"World Wide Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320570"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Wide Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003402667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003402667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031712774","https://openalex.org/W2051909151","https://openalex.org/W2060391379","https://openalex.org/W2094062546","https://openalex.org/W2118701329","https://openalex.org/W2120055437","https://openalex.org/W2125253305","https://openalex.org/W2146863222","https://openalex.org/W2153762431","https://openalex.org/W2502274362","https://openalex.org/W2568085757","https://openalex.org/W2790581344","https://openalex.org/W2791100499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252647777","https://openalex.org/W7151901944","https://openalex.org/W3006337918","https://openalex.org/W2378698419","https://openalex.org/W7122562709","https://openalex.org/W2988416958","https://openalex.org/W2223526531","https://openalex.org/W1924381906","https://openalex.org/W2153965833","https://openalex.org/W2539439426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RATIONALE:":[0],"Hand":[1,38],"hygiene":[2,35,39,121,132,215],"is":[3,227],"one":[4,107],"of":[5,46,52,63,114,119,134,140,153,162,200,235],"the":[6,23,64,66,74,89,94,194,204],"most":[7],"neglected":[8],"practices":[9],"amongst":[10],"health":[11],"care":[12,56,237],"personnel.":[13],"We":[14],"devised":[15],"a":[16,53,109,112,159,219],"positive":[17,209],"habit":[18,210],"reinforcement":[19,211],"tool":[20,226],"called":[21],"\u201cring":[22,88],"bell\u201d":[24,90,205],"and":[25,43,73,117,146,175,217,222,233],"hypothesized":[26],"that":[27],"it":[28],"will":[29],"not":[30],"lead":[31],"to":[32,87,93,98,180,230,240],"better":[33],"hand":[34,44,120,131,214],"compliance.":[36],"OBJECTIVES:":[37],"events":[40,122,133],"(hand":[41],"washing":[42,99],"rub)":[45],"two":[47,169],"Intensive":[48],"Care":[49],"Units":[50],"(ICUs)":[51],"large":[54],"tertiary":[55],"hospital":[57],"were":[58,85,123,137,150],"compared.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"For":[61],"purpose":[62],"study":[65,103],"control":[67],"limb":[68,76],"was":[69,104,173,178,188],"designated":[70],"ICU":[71,77,83,135,148],"A":[72,136],"test":[75,172],"B.":[78],"All":[79],"medical":[80,143,156,236],"personnel":[81,144,157],"in":[82,147,238],"B":[84,149],"instructed":[86],"hung":[91],"next":[92],"wash":[95],"basin":[96],"prior":[97],"hands.":[100],"MEASUREMENTS:":[101],"The":[102,168],"performed":[105],"for":[106,208],"hour":[108],"day":[110],"over":[111],"period":[113],"90":[115],"days":[116],"numbers":[118],"recorded":[124],"by":[125],"obscure":[126],"observers.":[127],"MAIN":[128],"RESULTS:":[129],"Total":[130],"909":[138],"out":[139,152],"1584":[141],"(0.58%)":[142],"attending":[145],"3870":[151],"2706":[154],"(1.43%)":[155],"attending,":[158],"signi\uf001cant":[160],"increase":[161],"more":[163],"than":[164,190],"125%":[165],"(2.5":[166],"times).":[167],"sided":[170],"Z":[171,176],"applied":[174],"value":[177,186],"calculated":[179],"be":[181],"12.34":[182],"(SE=0.068).":[183],"Since":[184],"p":[185],"(0.0001)":[187],"less":[189],"0.05,":[191],"we":[192],"rejected":[193],"null":[195],"hypothesis":[196],"at":[197],"5%":[198],"level":[199],"signi\uf001cance.":[201],"CONCLUSION(S):":[202],"\u201cRing":[203],"campaign":[206],"used":[207],"effectively":[212],"increased":[213],"compliance":[216],"such":[218],"low":[220],"cost":[221],"high":[223],"impact":[224],"innovative":[225],"strongly":[228],"recommended":[229],"improve":[231],"safety":[232],"quality":[234],"order":[239],"prevent":[241],"nosocomial":[242],"infections.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}