{"id":"https://openalex.org/W30026700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","title":"Costs of Quality Improvement: A Survey of Four Acute Care Hospitals","display_name":"Costs of Quality Improvement: A Survey of Four Acute Care Hospitals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W30026700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","mag":"30026700","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19947330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168284","display_name":"The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety","issn_l":"1553-7250","issn":["1553-7250","1938-131X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014387371","display_name":"Lena M. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-1550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-1550"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801671727","display_name":"VA Boston Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/04v00sg98","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2801671727","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lena M. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA. lenac@med.umich.edu","Clinical Lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan","Formerly Staff Physician, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Center (MAVERIC), Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA. lenac@med.umich.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801671727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Formerly Staff Physician, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Center (MAVERIC), Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801671727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023897077","display_name":"Mitchell S. Rein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803039483","display_name":"North Shore Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4emx12","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803039483"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell S. Rein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston","Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President of Medical Affairs, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President of Medical Affairs, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803039483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036110536","display_name":"David Westfall Bates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-2360","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-156X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-9491","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-6039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David W. Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chief, Division of General Internal Medicine","Director, Center of Excellence for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston","Professor of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston. Policy and Clinical Effectiveness","Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chief, Division of General Internal Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director, Center of Excellence for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston. Policy and Clinical Effectiveness","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014387371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801671727","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"],"apc_list":{"value":3510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3510},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.36,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84952616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"11","first_page":"544","last_page":"550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11722","display_name":"Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-safety","display_name":"patient safety","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-operating-costs","display_name":"hospital operating costs","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-physician-order-entry","display_name":"computerized physician order entry","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-flow","display_name":"patient flow","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-satisfaction","display_name":"patient satisfaction","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-information-systems","display_name":"hospital information systems","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-hospitals","display_name":"teaching hospitals","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.7009991407394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.6986083984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5806623101234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.5574510097503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.550825834274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781385661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677918","display_name":"Acute care","level":3,"score":0.49012288451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48792025446891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4750934839248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4746057391166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.4676743447780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.4326368272304535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.42215076088905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775909303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259564","display_name":"Inpatient care","level":3,"score":0.41921159625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58048580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7096693","display_name":"Operating budget","level":2,"score":0.4186221957206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.4124259352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.35442304611206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.24377793073654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.24191483855247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.17454060912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.11671778559684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.09622043371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004469","descriptor_name":"Economics, Hospital","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006786","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Urban","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006786","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Urban","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006786","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Urban","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011785","descriptor_name":"Quality Assurance, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011785","descriptor_name":"Quality Assurance, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011785","descriptor_name":"Quality Assurance, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017751","descriptor_name":"Safety Management","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019538","descriptor_name":"Health Care Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(09)35074-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168284","display_name":"The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety","issn_l":"1553-7250","issn":["1553-7250","1938-131X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19947330","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19947330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486374303","https://openalex.org/W1605189400","https://openalex.org/W1964123120","https://openalex.org/W1966487866","https://openalex.org/W1982870854","https://openalex.org/W1994438108","https://openalex.org/W2007546990","https://openalex.org/W2023332614","https://openalex.org/W2087360714","https://openalex.org/W2101114130","https://openalex.org/W2108312475","https://openalex.org/W2123503922","https://openalex.org/W2156665787","https://openalex.org/W2465840555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888726538","https://openalex.org/W2872303359","https://openalex.org/W2087360714","https://openalex.org/W4379509232","https://openalex.org/W3125206796","https://openalex.org/W2102765772","https://openalex.org/W2415971443","https://openalex.org/W2119819423","https://openalex.org/W2133615684","https://openalex.org/W2016048557"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
