{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002400935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","title":"Comparison of the anti-colitis activities of Qing Dai/Indigo Naturalis constituents in mice","display_name":"Comparison of the anti-colitis activities of Qing Dai/Indigo Naturalis constituents in mice","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002400935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","mag":"3002400935","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861320300049/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163931769","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences","issn_l":"1347-8613","issn":["1347-8613","1347-8648"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861320300049/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073760777","display_name":"Kei Ozawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei Ozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009649144","display_name":"Daichi Mori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daichi Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ayumu Hatanaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayumu Hatanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005686077","display_name":"Toshinori Sawano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-2980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-2980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshinori Sawano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015947102","display_name":"Jin Nakatani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-0410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-0410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Nakatani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018934585","display_name":"Yukinobu Ikeya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-4801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-4801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802008203","display_name":"Daiichi University of Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvvjr23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802008203"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukinobu Ikeya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802008203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027308917","display_name":"Mikio Nishizawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikio Nishizawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056828333","display_name":"Hidekazu Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-5106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-5106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hidekazu Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan. Electronic address: hdtanaka@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp","Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan. Electronic address: hdtanaka@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056828333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":2.3218,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87630323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"142","issue":"4","first_page":"148","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.8715999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.8715999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12346","display_name":"Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants","score":0.04149999842047691,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulcerative-colitis","display_name":"ulcerative colitis","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dss-induced-colitis","display_name":"DSS-induced colitis","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptanthrin","display_name":"tryptanthrin","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigo","display_name":"indigo","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide-production","display_name":"nitric oxide production","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1beta","display_name":"IL-1\u03b2","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol-extract","display_name":"methanol extract","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine-constituents","display_name":"herbal medicine constituents","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142316359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5967009","display_name":"Indigo","level":2,"score":0.8943735361099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2453464","display_name":"Colitis","level":2,"score":0.7407633662223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780479503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477","display_name":"Ulcerative colitis","level":3,"score":0.6508827805519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5615320205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5191325545310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.5053780674934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.47295376658439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.39884287118911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3734060227870941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3282322585582733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2871950566768646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000893","descriptor_name":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003093","descriptor_name":"Colitis, Ulcerative","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004365","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Chinese Herbal","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004365","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Chinese Herbal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861320300049/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163931769","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences","issn_l":"1347-8613","issn":["1347-8613","1347-8648"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32033881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of pharmacological sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16268d17a893497791a7e1e72ea2d28d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16268d17a893497791a7e1e72ea2d28d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, Vol 142, Iss 4, Pp 148-156 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2020.01.003","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861320300049/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163931769","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences","issn_l":"1347-8613","issn":["1347-8613","1347-8648"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306828","display_name":"Scleroderma Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00zyvrn45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323289","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002400935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002400935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W330707666","https://openalex.org/W1482472850","https://openalex.org/W1570781308","https://openalex.org/W1597959509","https://openalex.org/W1780163198","https://openalex.org/W1955602757","https://openalex.org/W1987222794","https://openalex.org/W1990802251","https://openalex.org/W2009612717","https://openalex.org/W2012900749","https://openalex.org/W2017356765","https://openalex.org/W2018870897","https://openalex.org/W2031675076","https://openalex.org/W2033319743","https://openalex.org/W2048018990","https://openalex.org/W2050064198","https://openalex.org/W2062434472","https://openalex.org/W2065048235","https://openalex.org/W2112522430","https://openalex.org/W2128428213","https://openalex.org/W2155573803","https://openalex.org/W2159186400","https://openalex.org/W2166156463","https://openalex.org/W2295552851","https://openalex.org/W2409357030","https://openalex.org/W2473915673","https://openalex.org/W2558760339","https://openalex.org/W2620233771","https://openalex.org/W2728767460","https://openalex.org/W2768143747","https://openalex.org/W2793514902","https://openalex.org/W2800594817","https://openalex.org/W2800849059","https://openalex.org/W2800972715","https://openalex.org/W2921081368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010690614","https://openalex.org/W2980153658","https://openalex.org/W3114710805","https://openalex.org/W3186178188","https://openalex.org/W2566330187","https://openalex.org/W4316174748","https://openalex.org/W2921081368","https://openalex.org/W2558760339","https://openalex.org/W2159186400","https://openalex.org/W2728767460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Qing":[0],"Dai/Indigo":[1],"Naturalis":[2],"(QD)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"shown":[6],"to":[7,92],"ameliorate":[8],"ulcerative":[9],"colitis":[10,42],"(UC)":[11],"in":[12,65,90,94,101,176,188],"clinical":[13],"trials;":[14],"however,":[15],"its":[16],"mechanism":[17],"remains":[18],"elusive.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21],"investigates":[22],"the":[23,39,66,73,83,99,123,162,183,189],"effects":[24],"of":[25,36,62,78,85,98,137,150,158,182,191],"QD":[26,37,52,71,79,151,164],"on":[27,122],"murine":[28],"dextran":[29],"sulfate":[30],"sodium":[31],"salt-induced":[32],"colitis.":[33],"Oral":[34],"administration":[35],"protected":[38],"animals":[40],"from":[41],"as":[43,104],"manifested":[44],"by":[45,82],"weight":[46,115],"loss,":[47],"diarrhea,":[48],"and":[49,107,139,169,194],"rectal":[50],"bleeding.":[51,120,170],"was":[53,80],"distinguishingly":[54],"more":[55],"effective":[56],"than":[57],"5-aminosalicylate.":[58],"Focused":[59],"microarray":[60],"analysis":[61],"genes":[63],"expressed":[64],"distal":[67],"colon":[68],"suggested":[69],"that":[70,157],"influences":[72],"inflammatory":[74],"pathway.":[75],"Anti-inflammatory":[76],"activity":[77,155],"confirmed":[81],"suppression":[84],"nitric":[86],"oxide":[87],"(NO)":[88],"production":[89],"response":[91],"interleukin-1\u03b2":[93],"cultured":[95],"hepatocytes.":[96],"Some":[97],"constituents":[100,185],"QD,":[102],"such":[103],"tryptanthrin":[105],"(TRYP)":[106],"indigo,":[108],"suppressed":[109],"NO":[110],"production.":[111],"TRYP":[112,138],"maintained":[113],"body":[114,133],"but":[116,129],"did":[117,130,141],"not":[118,131,142],"inhibit":[119],"Indigo,":[121],"other":[124],"hand,":[125],"partially":[126],"ameliorated":[127,167],"bleeding,":[128],"maintain":[132],"weight.":[134],"The":[135,147],"combination":[136],"indigo":[140],"show":[143],"additive":[144],"ameliorating":[145],"activity.":[146,179],"methanol":[148],"extract":[149],"showed":[152],"an":[153],"anti-colitis":[154,178],"like":[156],"TRYP.":[159],"In":[160],"contrast,":[161],"methanol-insoluble":[163],"fraction":[165],"moderately":[166],"diarrhea":[168],"Combining":[171],"these":[172],"two":[173],"fractions":[174],"resulted":[175],"full":[177],"Further":[180],"clarification":[181],"active":[184],"will":[186],"help":[187],"discovery":[190],"a":[192],"safe":[193],"potent":[195],"prescription":[196],"for":[197],"UC.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-01-30T00:00:00"}
