{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000619932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","title":"Call graph obfuscation and diversification: an approach","display_name":"Call graph obfuscation and diversification: an approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000619932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","mag":"3000619932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58852226","display_name":"IET Information Security","issn_l":"1751-8709","issn":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029835959","display_name":"Miguel Joseph Rodr\u00edguez Veliz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-3853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-3853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133958","display_name":"Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Manab\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/02qgahb88","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133958"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Veliz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica y Electr\u00f3nica Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Manab\u00ed (UTM) PortoViejo Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica y Electr\u00f3nica Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Manab\u00ed (UTM) PortoViejo Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133958"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032390289","display_name":"Yulier N\u00fa\u00f1ez Musa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-4896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-4896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801355762","display_name":"Agricultural University of Havana","ror":"https://ror.org/02s2a9m37","country_code":"CU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801355762"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yulier Nu\u00f1ez\u2010Musa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH) \u2018Fructuoso Rodr\u00edguez P\u00e9rez\u2019 San Jos\u00e9 de Las Lajas Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica Universidad Agraria de La Habana (UNAH) \u2018Fructuoso Rodr\u00edguez P\u00e9rez\u2019 San Jos\u00e9 de Las Lajas Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801355762"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049338755","display_name":"Roberto Sep\u00falveda Lima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-6395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-6395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I908025542","display_name":"Polytechnic Jos\u00e9 Antonio Echeverr\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/0573cnq15","country_code":"CU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I908025542"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Sep\u00falveda\u2010Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial e Infraestructura de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de la Habana \u2018Jos\u00e9 Antonio Echeverr\u00eda\u2019 La Habana Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial e Infraestructura de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de la Habana \u2018Jos\u00e9 Antonio Echeverr\u00eda\u2019 La Habana Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I908025542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032390289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801355762"],"apc_list":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3989,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60006605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"241","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-protection","display_name":"software protection","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-obfuscation","display_name":"control flow obfuscation","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler-extension","display_name":"compiler extension","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-piracy","display_name":"software piracy","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runtime-overhead","display_name":"runtime overhead","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.8134075403213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7759286165237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102379954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2589940","display_name":"Call graph","level":2,"score":0.6863642930984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5651881098747253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5231910347938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.4584375023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.4402572810649872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42203468084335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3998510241508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3811660408973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2639772295951843}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58852226","display_name":"IET Information Security","issn_l":"1751-8709","issn":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-ifs.2019.0216","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58852226","display_name":"IET Information Security","issn_l":"1751-8709","issn":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000619932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000619932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W345398754","https://openalex.org/W1584309081","https://openalex.org/W1584799656","https://openalex.org/W1979800405","https://openalex.org/W1982199114","https://openalex.org/W1985357793","https://openalex.org/W2009458335","https://openalex.org/W2016784934","https://openalex.org/W2034905273","https://openalex.org/W2055758104","https://openalex.org/W2078243195","https://openalex.org/W2089416309","https://openalex.org/W2146567535","https://openalex.org/W2151496310","https://openalex.org/W2159460804","https://openalex.org/W2160401437","https://openalex.org/W2163801980","https://openalex.org/W2210768877","https://openalex.org/W2229758354","https://openalex.org/W2561803212","https://openalex.org/W2562611947","https://openalex.org/W2799754168","https://openalex.org/W4235428720","https://openalex.org/W4238968567","https://openalex.org/W4254686712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126429404","https://openalex.org/W7220026599","https://openalex.org/W7153956677","https://openalex.org/W2229758354","https://openalex.org/W2357637528","https://openalex.org/W2363886702","https://openalex.org/W2894875851","https://openalex.org/W1985357793","https://openalex.org/W3188068858","https://openalex.org/W2142368292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monetary":[0],"loss":[1],"due":[2],"to":[3,18,23,108,139,154,175],"software":[4,37,111,131,191],"piracy":[5],"nowadays":[6],"reaches":[7],"millions.":[8],"In":[9,74],"2017,":[10],"the":[11,28,34,41,48,71,77,84,90,101,110,117,124,140,148,157,166,177,183,190],"commercial":[12],"value":[13],"for":[14,83],"this":[15,25,75],"concept":[16],"rose":[17],"$46.3":[19],"billion.":[20],"A":[21,114],"way":[22],"mitigate":[24],"problem":[26],"from":[27,152],"technological":[29],"point":[30],"of":[31,36,45,70,89,93,103,116,126,150,165,185],"view":[32],"is":[33,98],"use":[35],"protection":[38,186],"techniques,":[39],"especially":[40],"obfuscation":[42,69,86,151],"and":[43,87],"diversification":[44,88],"code,":[46],"highlighting":[47],"control":[49,58],"obfuscation.":[50],"There":[51,143],"are":[52,63],"many":[53],"proposals":[54],"connected":[55],"with":[56,160],"obfuscating":[57],"flow":[59],"graph.":[60,73,113],"However,":[61],"there":[62],"few":[64],"reported":[65],"works":[66],"that":[67],"perform":[68],"call":[72,91,112,179],"study,":[76],"authors":[78],"propose":[79],"a":[80,94,127,162],"novel":[81],"mechanism":[82,97,119],"static":[85],"graph":[92,180],"software.":[95,142],"The":[96,129,172],"based":[99],"on":[100,136],"routing":[102],"functions":[104],"calls":[105],"in":[106,147,156,169],"order":[107],"modify":[109],"prototype":[115],"proposed":[118],"was":[120,144],"developed":[121],"by":[122,134],"extending":[123],"functionalities":[125],"compiler.":[128],"generated":[130],"differed":[132],"structurally":[133],"25%":[135],"average,":[137],"compared":[138],"original":[141],"an":[145],"increase":[146],"level":[149,184],"2":[153],"30%":[155],"tests":[158],"performed,":[159],"only":[161],"3%":[163],"overhead":[164],"execution":[167],"time":[168],"all":[170],"cases.":[171],"proposal":[173],"allows":[174],"restructure":[176],"whole":[178],"efficiently,":[181],"increasing":[182],"without":[187],"affecting":[188],"significantly":[189],"performance.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}