{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000435220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","title":"Strain engineering and epitaxial stabilization of halide perovskites","display_name":"Strain engineering and epitaxial stabilization of halide perovskites","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000435220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","mag":"3000435220","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31915395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007496778","display_name":"Yimu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-8048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-8048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103000280","display_name":"Yusheng Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-4063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-4063","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1642-6960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusheng Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652791","display_name":"Yuheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-1122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-1122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020076931","display_name":"Yugang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-5584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-5584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yugang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033084133","display_name":"Jinze Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinze Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081775487","display_name":"Ming\u2010Hui Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-8149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-8149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Hui Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003586421","display_name":"Rahul S. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-0185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-0185"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013593052","display_name":"Yue Qing Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-5339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-5339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601920","display_name":"Chunfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-8425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-8425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Woojin Choi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woojin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103067554","display_name":"Hongjie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-4894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-4894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003080179","display_name":"Chonghe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-2666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-2666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chonghe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421742","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-1438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-1438","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-2171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077101280","display_name":"Jiawei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-1200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-1200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630364","display_name":"Jingxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1740-2746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1740-2746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070099882","display_name":"Baiyan Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-9541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-9541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiyan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082349861","display_name":"Muyang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-6294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-6294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muyang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086375015","display_name":"Zhuorui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-8684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-8684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuorui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007508845","display_name":"Ahmad Ehteshamul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-1233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-1233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad E. Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102919383","display_name":"Benji Maruyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3832-628X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3832-628X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benji Maruyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045100404","display_name":"Shadi A. Dayeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-1774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-1774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadi Dayeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067948521","display_name":"Lain\u2010Jong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-7783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-7783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["AU","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lain-Jong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065097205","display_name":"Kesong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-0636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-0636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kesong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072610567","display_name":"Yu\u2010Hwa Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-1627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-1627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hwa Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040628628","display_name":"Sheng Hua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-4992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-4992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040628628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.9049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":718,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99921256,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"577","issue":"7789","first_page":"209","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10247","display_name":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10247","display_name":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10275","display_name":"2D Materials and Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halide-perovskites","display_name":"halide perovskites","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-engineering","display_name":"strain engineering","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epitaxial-growth","display_name":"epitaxial growth","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-mismatched-substrates","display_name":"lattice-mismatched substrates","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fapbi3","display_name":"FAPbI3","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strain","display_name":"compressive strain","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap-tuning","display_name":"band gap tuning","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hole-mobility","display_name":"hole mobility","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-stabilization","display_name":"phase stabilization","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetectors","display_name":"photodetectors","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-crystal-films","display_name":"single-crystal thin films","score":0.9309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110738630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135540","display_name":"Epitaxy","level":3,"score":0.7568285465240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171560689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193086","display_name":"Halide","level":2,"score":0.7032227516174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5980905294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80487327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1262549","display_name":"Strain engineering","level":3,"score":0.5943048000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775959666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423088","display_name":"Formamidinium","level":3,"score":0.5866153240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155011858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036449","display_name":"Perovskite (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5818593502044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.5514534115791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.48853859305381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.47840914130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.4274800419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4203019142150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.4142223000526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.32103830575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2884332537651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2733224034309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.22180089354515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.07471877336502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1868-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31915395","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31915395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:577:y:2020:i:7789:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1868-x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1868-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/661085","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/661085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W773815729","https://openalex.org/W1443040875","https://openalex.org/W1811054879","https://openalex.org/W1865001351","https://openalex.org/W1970127494","https://openalex.org/W1981368803","https://openalex.org/W2002257666","https://openalex.org/W2006304022","https://openalex.org/W2006619554","https://openalex.org/W2029290154","https://openalex.org/W2083222334","https://openalex.org/W2100244982","https://openalex.org/W2159752439","https://openalex.org/W2300811060","https://openalex.org/W2314462761","https://openalex.org/W2338435468","https://openalex.org/W2341983749","https://openalex.org/W2483885359","https://openalex.org/W2509026697","https://openalex.org/W2537364077","https://openalex.org/W2537427860","https://openalex.org/W2560748970","https://openalex.org/W2585616659","https://openalex.org/W2588124096","https://openalex.org/W2594198334","https://openalex.org/W2598601307","https://openalex.org/W2617606264","https://openalex.org/W2622706513","https://openalex.org/W2729523528","https://openalex.org/W2740374132","https://openalex.org/W2770830442","https://openalex.org/W2795597059","https://openalex.org/W2802112049","https://openalex.org/W2803992875","https://openalex.org/W2804919088","https://openalex.org/W2806899900","https://openalex.org/W2810288826","https://openalex.org/W2810550636","https://openalex.org/W2884375217","https://openalex.org/W2884848332","https://openalex.org/W2892314074","https://openalex.org/W2895126220","https://openalex.org/W2897861639","https://openalex.org/W2912153941","https://openalex.org/W2919962241","https://openalex.org/W2922679386","https://openalex.org/W2927228108","https://openalex.org/W2932710149","https://openalex.org/W2962719951","https://openalex.org/W3034530591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995790352","https://openalex.org/W2991280330","https://openalex.org/W4309825568","https://openalex.org/W4232453788","https://openalex.org/W3159432477","https://openalex.org/W2964921278","https://openalex.org/W2574448407","https://openalex.org/W4386018576","https://openalex.org/W2942704645","https://openalex.org/W2995386109"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":132},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":113},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":109},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":128},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":58}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}