{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000401485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.159","title":"Anomalous Radiocarbon Dates from the Early Medieval Cremation Graves from Broechem (Flanders, Belgium): Reservoir or Old Wood Effects?","display_name":"Anomalous Radiocarbon Dates from the Early Medieval Cremation Graves from Broechem (Flanders, Belgium): Reservoir or Old Wood Effects?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000401485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.159","mag":"3000401485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35778795","display_name":"Radiocarbon","issn_l":"0033-8222","issn":["0033-8222","1945-5755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiocarbon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068504927","display_name":"Rica Annaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-6325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-6325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3209142837","display_name":"Flanders Heritage Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043ddq142","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rica Annaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001398547","display_name":"Mathieu Boudin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3991-1026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3991-1026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126311117","display_name":"Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/01phtp995","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126311117","https://openalex.org/I2801523276"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathieu Boudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Jubelpark 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Jubelpark 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126311117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032045321","display_name":"Koen Deforce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-2564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-2564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801223450","display_name":"Institute of Natural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02y22ws83","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3209142837","display_name":"Flanders Heritage Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043ddq142","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen Deforce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium","Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-2564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042480796","display_name":"Anton Ervynck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-8041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-8041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3209142837","display_name":"Flanders Heritage Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043ddq142","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anton Ervynck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025111569","display_name":"Kristof Haneca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-8305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-8305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3209142837","display_name":"Flanders Heritage Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043ddq142","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristof Haneca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-8305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880384","display_name":"An Lentacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-0611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-0611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3209142837","display_name":"Flanders Heritage Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/043ddq142","country_code":"BE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Lentacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Heritage Agency, Herman Teirlinck building, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063844754","display_name":"Christophe Snoeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3770-4055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3770-4055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Snoeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Dept. of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050Brussels, Belgium","G-Time Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/02, 50, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Dept. of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"G-Time Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/02, 50, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042480796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3209142837"],"apc_list":{"value":1575,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1575},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90829446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"2","first_page":"269","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13621","display_name":"Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13593","display_name":"Viking Age and Medieval Scandinavia","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flanders","display_name":"Flanders","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100134115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173412","display_name":"Radiocarbon dating","level":2,"score":0.9872120022773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.6809024214744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993373878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9621","display_name":"Human bone","level":3,"score":0.648611307144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.5462890863418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.371552973985672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3247227072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12260031700134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08687776327133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35778795","display_name":"Radiocarbon","issn_l":"0033-8222","issn":["0033-8222","1945-5755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Radiocarbon","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8646973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8646973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1945-5755","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:128378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/(76a0d82f-cbdf-466d-82c9-7590b39aa137).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W407115920","https://openalex.org/W1508896016","https://openalex.org/W1546412907","https://openalex.org/W1565230434","https://openalex.org/W1835135450","https://openalex.org/W1846447038","https://openalex.org/W1858381792","https://openalex.org/W1873968798","https://openalex.org/W1975712991","https://openalex.org/W1979644596","https://openalex.org/W1983236345","https://openalex.org/W1986975145","https://openalex.org/W1987633517","https://openalex.org/W1987771234","https://openalex.org/W1988596170","https://openalex.org/W2004966701","https://openalex.org/W2014220642","https://openalex.org/W2036123017","https://openalex.org/W2036335892","https://openalex.org/W2046596822","https://openalex.org/W2047450845","https://openalex.org/W2062950223","https://openalex.org/W2077706820","https://openalex.org/W2084178877","https://openalex.org/W2096183605","https://openalex.org/W2100628469","https://openalex.org/W2128942763","https://openalex.org/W2140817923","https://openalex.org/W2146687568","https://openalex.org/W2164468496","https://openalex.org/W2167452694","https://openalex.org/W2188613091","https://openalex.org/W2255036884","https://openalex.org/W2314228505","https://openalex.org/W2530021597","https://openalex.org/W2556355835","https://openalex.org/W2605472552","https://openalex.org/W2615394370","https://openalex.org/W2617182895","https://openalex.org/W2762086252","https://openalex.org/W2792735047","https://openalex.org/W2946524413","https://openalex.org/W2967675230","https://openalex.org/W3133334310","https://openalex.org/W3152472707","https://openalex.org/W6959660113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014220642","https://openalex.org/W1962631705","https://openalex.org/W7011831996","https://openalex.org/W6993060863","https://openalex.org/W4409677829","https://openalex.org/W1975712991","https://openalex.org/W1846447038","https://openalex.org/W1785815028","https://openalex.org/W3005363151","https://openalex.org/W2497924203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"As":[1],"part":[2],"of":[3,6,32,47,68,148],"the":[4,7,33,40,45,48,53,57,63,87,90,94,106,123,149,162,189],"study":[5],"early":[8],"medieval":[9],"cemetery":[10],"at":[11],"Broechem":[12],"(Belgium),":[13],"human":[14,58,95,101],"bones":[15,59,70,104],"from":[16,74,89,105,145,152],"32":[17],"cremation":[18],"graves":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"dated":[22],"through":[23],"radiocarbon":[24,78,113,142,164],"(14C)":[25],"analysis.":[26],"It":[27],"was":[28,77],"noted":[29],"that":[30,82,181],"many":[31],"dates":[34,81,98,143,165],"were":[35,60,83],"not":[36,167],"in":[37,52],"accordance":[38],"with":[39,86],"chronological":[41],"ranges":[42],"provided":[43],"by":[44],"characteristics":[46],"cultural":[49,91],"artifacts":[50,92],"deposited":[51],"graves.":[54],"In":[55],"fact,":[56],"\u201colder\u201d":[61],"than":[62,93],"artifacts.":[64],"Subsequently,":[65],"a":[66],"number":[67],"animal":[69],"(in":[71],"all":[72],"cases":[73],"domestic":[75],"pigs)":[76],"dated,":[79],"yielding":[80],"more":[84,186],"consistent":[85],"information":[88],"bones.":[96],"The":[97,136],"obtained":[99],"on":[100,127],"and":[102,155],"pig":[103],"same":[107],"grave":[108],"often":[109],"differed":[110],"around":[111],"100":[112],"years.":[114],"This":[115],"paper":[116],"tries":[117],"to":[118],"find":[119],"an":[120],"explanation":[121,160],"for":[122,161,177],"pattern":[124],"observed,":[125],"concentrating":[126],"two":[128],"hypotheses:":[129],"aquatic":[130],"reservoir":[131],"versus":[132],"old":[133],"wood":[134],"effects.":[135],"evaluation":[137],"takes":[138],"into":[139],"account":[140],"additional":[141],"derived":[144],"charcoal":[146],"fragments":[147],"funeral":[150],"pyre,":[151],"both":[153],"short-lived":[154],"long-lived":[156],"taxa.":[157],"A":[158],"conclusive":[159],"anomalous":[163],"could":[166],"be":[168,174],"reached":[169],"but":[170],"clear":[171],"suggestions":[172],"can":[173],"put":[175],"forward":[176],"future":[178],"experimental":[179],"work":[180],"will":[182],"without":[183],"doubt":[184],"shed":[185],"light":[187],"upon":[188],"interpretational":[190],"problems":[191],"raised.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}