{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000257485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","title":"Canadians studying medicine abroad and their journey to secure postgraduate training in Canada or the United States","display_name":"Canadians studying medicine abroad and their journey to secure postgraduate training in Canada or the United States","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000257485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","mag":"3000257485","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32802223","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7378153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36834/cmej.68175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/download/68175/53813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494900","display_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","issn_l":"1923-1202","issn":["1923-1202"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312917","host_organization_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Medical Education Journal"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/download/68175/53813","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037038534","display_name":"Ilona Bartman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-479X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-479X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105696783","display_name":"Medical Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02vf3h353","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilona Bartman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Council of Canada, Ontario, Canada","Medical Council of Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Council of Canada, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Council of Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046896131","display_name":"John R. Boulet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-5613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-5613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283022650","display_name":"Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejygc42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20844713","display_name":"Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates","ror":"https://ror.org/036sdak78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20844713"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Boulet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates; Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Pennsylvania, United States","Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates; Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650","https://openalex.org/I20844713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068497485","display_name":"Sirius Qin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105696783","display_name":"Medical Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02vf3h353","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirius Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Council of Canada, Ontario, Canada","Medical Council of Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Council of Canada, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Council of Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003324149","display_name":"M. Ian Bowmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105696783","display_name":"Medical Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02vf3h353","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ian Bowmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["(Retired) Medical Council of Canada, Ontario, Canada","Medical Council of Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Retired) Medical Council of Canada, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Council of Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037038534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105696783"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9145,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75455576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"e13","last_page":"e20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-medical-graduates","display_name":"international medical graduates","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residency-training","display_name":"residency training","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-licensure","display_name":"medical licensing","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postgraduate-medical-education","display_name":"graduate medical education","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-workforce-planning","display_name":"physician workforce planning","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontario","display_name":"Ontario","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york","display_name":"New York","score":0.9959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.6120014786720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6543077","display_name":"Licensure","level":2,"score":0.5582261085510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5284656882286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.46961575746536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4692250192165375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45066866278648376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4335610270500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3340849280357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36834/cmej.68175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/download/68175/53813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494900","display_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","issn_l":"1923-1202","issn":["1923-1202"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312917","host_organization_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Medical Education Journal"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32802223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32802223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian medical education journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7378153","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7378153/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Can Med Educ J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a328e40a81e4f01b338788fe08a9304","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a328e40a81e4f01b338788fe08a9304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal, Vol 11, Iss 3 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36834/cmej.68175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.68175","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/download/68175/53813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764494900","display_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","issn_l":"1923-1202","issn":["1923-1202"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312917","host_organization_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Medical Education Journal"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Medical Education Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000257485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000257485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923409247","https://openalex.org/W2023052432","https://openalex.org/W2110497850","https://openalex.org/W2334544843","https://openalex.org/W2692991456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923409247","https://openalex.org/W4378173208","https://openalex.org/W1621930088","https://openalex.org/W2692991456","https://openalex.org/W1909641940","https://openalex.org/W2151820579","https://openalex.org/W2014441235","https://openalex.org/W2023387975","https://openalex.org/W2110497850","https://openalex.org/W2981507789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"From":[1],"national":[2],"and":[3,37,54,74,85,102,172,186],"international":[4],"workforce":[5,214],"perspectives,":[6],"Canadians":[7,196],"studying":[8,199],"medicine":[9,29,116,200],"abroad":[10],"(CSAs)":[11],"are":[12,124],"a":[13,150],"growing":[14],"provider":[15],"group.":[16],"Some":[17],"were":[18,132,163],"born":[19,133],"in":[20,30,71,117,134,153,170,183],"Canada":[21,59,73,135,154,185],"whereas":[22],"others":[23],"immigrated":[24],"as":[25],"children.":[26],"They":[27],"study":[28,115],"various":[31],"countries,":[32],"often":[33],"attempting":[34],"both":[35,72,184],"American":[36],"Canadian":[38],"medical":[39,86],"licensure":[40],"pathways.":[41],"METHODS:":[42],"Using":[43],"data":[44],"from":[45,141],"the":[46,55,75,80,104,142,156,187,203],"Educational":[47],"Commission":[48],"for":[49,195,211],"Foreign":[50],"Medical":[51,56],"Graduates":[52],"(ECFMG)":[53],"Council":[57],"of":[58,83,107,113,119,139,148,206],"(MCC),":[60],"we":[61],"looked":[62],"at":[63],"CSAs":[64,114,131,162,177,207],"who":[65],"attempted":[66],"to":[67,97,166,179],"secure":[68,167,180],"residency":[69,151,168,181],"positions":[70],"United":[76,157],"States.":[77],"We":[78,88],"detailed":[79],"CSAs'":[81],"countries":[82],"birth":[84],"education.":[87],"tracked":[89],"these":[90],"individuals":[91],"through":[92],"their":[93,99,108],"postgraduate":[94],"education":[95],"programs":[96],"enumerate":[98],"success":[100,190],"rate":[101],"categorize":[103],"geographic":[105],"locations":[106],"training.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"The":[111,122],"majority":[112],"one":[118],"10":[120],"countries.":[121,129],"remainder":[123],"disbursed":[125],"across":[126],"88":[127],"other":[128],"Most":[130],"(62%).":[136],"Approximately":[137],"1/3":[138],"CSA":[140],"2004-2016":[143],"cohort":[144],"had":[145],"no":[146],"record":[147],"entering":[149],"program":[152],"or":[155],"States":[158],"(U.S.).":[159],"Recently":[160],"graduated":[161],"most":[164],"likely":[165],"training":[169,182],"Ontario":[171],"New":[173],"York.":[174],"CONCLUSION:":[175],"Many":[176],"attempt":[178],"U.S.":[188],"Quantifying":[189],"rates":[191],"may":[192],"be":[193,209],"helpful":[194],"thinking":[197],"about":[198],"abroad.":[201],"Understanding":[202],"educational":[204],"pathways":[205],"will":[208],"useful":[210],"physician":[212],"labour":[213],"planning.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}
