{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999942002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","title":"The Regulation of Equity Crowdfunding in United Kingdom and Malaysia: A Comparative Study","display_name":"The Regulation of Equity Crowdfunding in United Kingdom and Malaysia: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999942002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","mag":"2999942002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","pdf_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/download/10561/10186","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764744215","display_name":"Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","issn_l":"2281-3993","issn":["2281-3993","2281-4612"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327983455","host_organization_name":"Richtmann Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327983455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Richtmann Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/download/10561/10186","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085231559","display_name":"Wan Amir Azlan Wan Haniff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-805X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-805X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan Amir Azlan Wan Haniff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Ph.D Student, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D Student, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072134979","display_name":"Asma Hakimah Ab Halim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-0009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-0009","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-6438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Hakimah Ab Halim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Ph.D, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Ph.D, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046334070","display_name":"Rahmah Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-6409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-6409"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahmah Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Ph.D Student, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D Student, Faculty of Law, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.998,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82850201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11903","display_name":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14317","display_name":"Finance, Markets, and Regulation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity-crowdfunding","display_name":"equity crowdfunding","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdfunding-regulation","display_name":"crowdfunding regulation","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-kingdom","display_name":"United Kingdom","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-obligations","display_name":"investor obligations","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disclosure-requirements","display_name":"disclosure requirements","score":0.968999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779613991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18400009","display_name":"Equity crowdfunding","level":3,"score":0.8101814985275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138170105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337949","display_name":"Issuer","level":2,"score":0.635438084602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5715886354446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.564105749130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.5434468388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178297102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5978114","display_name":"Private equity fund","level":3,"score":0.5283518433570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.4562240540981293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4183664321899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3976989984512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3894333839416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2978992462158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191093397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939645","display_name":"Seed money","level":2,"score":0.2955872416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12559387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185142","display_name":"Initial public offering","level":2,"score":0.2019856572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16436928510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11811408400535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","pdf_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/download/10561/10186","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764744215","display_name":"Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","issn_l":"2281-3993","issn":["2281-3993","2281-4612"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327983455","host_organization_name":"Richtmann Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327983455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Richtmann Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bjz:ajisjr:1802","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/view/10561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004","pdf_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/download/10561/10186","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764744215","display_name":"Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","issn_l":"2281-3993","issn":["2281-3993","2281-4612"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327983455","host_organization_name":"Richtmann Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327983455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Richtmann Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999942002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999942002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W794099891","https://openalex.org/W1546746495","https://openalex.org/W1609463440","https://openalex.org/W1966049200","https://openalex.org/W2341248851","https://openalex.org/W2516565881","https://openalex.org/W2790548905","https://openalex.org/W2888476545","https://openalex.org/W3122061554","https://openalex.org/W3124706040","https://openalex.org/W3128833812","https://openalex.org/W6812735298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2602959715","https://openalex.org/W2605593459","https://openalex.org/W7065820980","https://openalex.org/W4213451167","https://openalex.org/W2294390927","https://openalex.org/W7047843656","https://openalex.org/W4396937681","https://openalex.org/W2897556292","https://openalex.org/W4307356704","https://openalex.org/W3047402208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Equity":[0],"Crowdfunding":[1,33],"is":[2,44,65,85],"a":[3,23,48,58],"novel":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,60,114,181,203],"small":[7,187],"and":[8,107,132,137,142,149,165,176,198],"medium":[9],"enterprises":[10],"to":[11,101,191,199,208,211],"raise":[12],"fund":[13],"from":[14,128],"the":[15,36,83,90,99,112,118,124,170,195],"public":[16,210],"through":[17],"an":[18,30],"Internet":[19],"platform":[20,27,80,173],"operated":[21],"by":[22,79,93,146],"third-party":[24],"intermediary":[25],"or":[26],"operator.":[28],"As":[29],"advanced":[31],"equity":[32,42,69,140,213],"market":[34,71],"in":[35,51,72,74,87,104,109,167,183,206],"world,":[37],"United":[38,94,105],"Kingdom":[39,106],"regulation":[40],"on":[41,139,194],"crowdfunding":[43,70,141],"frequently":[45],"used":[46],"as":[47,57,160,162],"significant":[49],"ingredient":[50],"its":[52],"development,":[53],"so":[54],"it":[55],"functions":[56],"model":[59],"other":[61],"legislations.":[62],"Despite":[63],"there":[64],"positive":[66],"sign":[67],"of":[68,76,111,117,157,169,172,189],"Malaysia":[73,108,184],"terms":[75,168],"funds":[77,190],"raised":[78],"operator,":[81,174],"still":[82],"performance":[84],"pale":[86],"comparison":[88],"with":[89],"achievement":[91],"done":[92],"Kingdom.":[95],"This":[96,120,178],"article":[97,179],"analyses":[98],"approaches":[100],"ECF":[102],"adopted":[103],"light":[110],"potential":[113],"cross\u2010jurisdictional":[115],"use":[116],"framework.":[119],"qualitative":[121],"research":[122,134],"utilizes":[123],"secondary":[125],"data":[126,145],"gained":[127],"scientific":[129],"database":[130],"analysis":[131],"library":[133],"including":[135],"documents":[136],"precedents":[138],"analysed":[143],"this":[144],"legal":[147],"interpretation":[148],"comparative":[150],"assessment.":[151],"The":[152],"study":[153],"finds":[154],"key":[155],"features":[156],"each":[158],"jurisdiction":[159],"well":[161],"notable":[163],"similarities":[164],"differences":[166],"obligations":[171],"issuer":[175,182],"investor.":[177],"recommends":[180],"which":[185],"requires":[186],"amount":[188],"be":[192],"exempted":[193],"disclosure":[196],"requirements":[197],"provide":[200],"tax":[201],"incentive":[202],"retail":[204],"investors":[205],"order":[207],"encourage":[209],"utilize":[212],"crowdfunding.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}
