{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999605487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","title":"The effect of financial leverage on real and accrual-based earnings management in Vietnamese firms","display_name":"The effect of financial leverage on real and accrual-based earnings management in Vietnamese firms","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999605487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","mag":"2999605487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","pdf_url":"https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/18_805_Hoang.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61727081","display_name":"Economics & Sociology","issn_l":"2071-789X","issn":["2071-789X","2306-3459"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317367","host_organization_name":"Centre of Sociological Research, Szczecin, Poland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317367"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre of Sociological Research, Szczecin, Poland"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics & Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/18_805_Hoang.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048156291","display_name":"Mai Thi Hoang Khanh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155442","display_name":"University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/0138jhg57","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I4387155442"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Thi Hoang Khanh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Economics and Law, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Economics and Law, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155442"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091742363","display_name":"Phung Anh Thu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3504-9838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3504-9838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020192730","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9s1v23","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155442","display_name":"University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/0138jhg57","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I4387155442"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thu Anh Phung","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Economics and Law , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam","Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Economics and Law , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155442"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.4066,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99297937,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"299","last_page":"312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13957","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Financial Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-leverage","display_name":"leverage","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-management","display_name":"earnings management","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-earnings-management","display_name":"real earnings management","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accrual-based-earnings-management","display_name":"accrual-based earnings management","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretionary-accruals","display_name":"discretionary accruals","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnamese-listed-companies","display_name":"Vietnamese listed firms","score":0.9620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15995636","display_name":"Earnings management","level":3,"score":0.8757942914962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4577558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384475","display_name":"Accrual","level":3,"score":0.8697103261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7658424377441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103621254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9199","display_name":"Vietnamese","level":2,"score":0.6430147290229797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5761917233467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5531491041183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190775180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326946","display_name":"Earnings response coefficient","level":3,"score":0.5136870741844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.5131304860115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200870193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11691","display_name":"Stock exchange","level":2,"score":0.44716745615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.4110972583293915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39948901534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3896431624889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.359733521938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2561382055282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.234975665807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","pdf_url":"https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/18_805_Hoang.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61727081","display_name":"Economics & Sociology","issn_l":"2071-789X","issn":["2071-789X","2306-3459"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317367","host_organization_name":"Centre of Sociological Research, Szczecin, Poland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317367"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre of Sociological Research, Szczecin, Poland"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics & Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97d765cdc9b54374b013f075173aa45c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97d765cdc9b54374b013f075173aa45c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economics & Sociology, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2019/12-4/18","pdf_url":"https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/18_805_Hoang.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61727081","display_name":"Economics & Sociology","issn_l":"2071-789X","issn":["2071-789X","2306-3459"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317367","host_organization_name":"Centre of Sociological Research, Szczecin, Poland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317367"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre of Sociological Research, Szczecin, Poland"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economics & Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337238","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf - Lu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh","ror":"https://ror.org/0138jhg57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999605487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999605487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116642396","https://openalex.org/W1603811794","https://openalex.org/W1628862841","https://openalex.org/W1984060710","https://openalex.org/W1995172097","https://openalex.org/W2000578291","https://openalex.org/W2020230150","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2030418145","https://openalex.org/W2039955330","https://openalex.org/W2042790919","https://openalex.org/W2048219031","https://openalex.org/W2058570224","https://openalex.org/W2076562059","https://openalex.org/W2097176052","https://openalex.org/W2105148795","https://openalex.org/W2108897618","https://openalex.org/W2113430743","https://openalex.org/W2113655737","https://openalex.org/W2120084007","https://openalex.org/W2134246329","https://openalex.org/W2149662459","https://openalex.org/W2150610109","https://openalex.org/W2160860931","https://openalex.org/W2262187434","https://openalex.org/W2347054346","https://openalex.org/W2560549005","https://openalex.org/W2564919356","https://openalex.org/W2567085390","https://openalex.org/W2607028515","https://openalex.org/W2735344912","https://openalex.org/W2744790012","https://openalex.org/W2749333017","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2773757886","https://openalex.org/W2795271448","https://openalex.org/W2922380086","https://openalex.org/W3022277638","https://openalex.org/W3023181463","https://openalex.org/W3121131820","https://openalex.org/W3121500857","https://openalex.org/W3122853031","https://openalex.org/W3123227524","https://openalex.org/W3124170598","https://openalex.org/W3124365414","https://openalex.org/W3124979649","https://openalex.org/W3125111241","https://openalex.org/W3125677029","https://openalex.org/W3125721493","https://openalex.org/W3125829376","https://openalex.org/W3125843505","https://openalex.org/W3125931870","https://openalex.org/W4299646271","https://openalex.org/W4388111604","https://openalex.org/W7030618329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385369138","https://openalex.org/W7216415440","https://openalex.org/W4307186358","https://openalex.org/W3117688855","https://openalex.org/W2338594980","https://openalex.org/W4388574328","https://openalex.org/W7166799273","https://openalex.org/W7046527726","https://openalex.org/W4411456569","https://openalex.org/W4206558348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"research":[1,56],"examines":[2],"the":[3,8,30,47,90],"effect":[4],"of":[5,12,22,49,96],"leverage":[6,62,86],"on":[7,25],"form":[9],"and":[10,38,52,63,99,108],"extent":[11],"earnings":[13,54,64,76,80,97,106,116],"management":[14,77,81,98,107,117],"in":[15,29],"Vietnamese":[16],"listed":[17],"firms.We":[18],"use":[19],"panel":[20],"data":[21],"241":[23],"companies":[24],"Vietnam":[26],"stock":[27],"markets":[28],"period":[31],"from":[32],"2010":[33],"to":[34,45,69,103,114],"2016":[35],"(1687":[36],"firm-years)":[37],"conduct":[39],"GMM":[40],"regression.Four":[41],"models":[42],"are":[43],"employed":[44],"estimate":[46],"level":[48],"discretional":[50],"accruals":[51],"real":[53,75,109],"management.Our":[55],"finds":[57],"a":[58,72],"positive":[59],"relationship":[60],"between":[61,92],"management,":[65],"which":[66],"is":[67,82],"consistent":[68],"\"debt":[70],"hypothesis\".Furthermore,":[71],"preference":[73],"for":[74],"over":[78],"accrualbased":[79],"observed":[83],"among":[84],"highly":[85],"firms.The":[87],"findings":[88],"notice":[89],"substitution":[91],"these":[93],"two":[94],"forms":[95],"reinforce":[100],"full":[101],"attention":[102],"both":[104],"accrual-based":[105],"activities":[110],"manipulations":[111],"rather":[112],"than":[113],"separated":[115],"strategy.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}