{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999547784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","title":"A modified shank for below knee prosthesis","display_name":"A modified shank for below knee prosthesis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999547784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","mag":"2999547784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189194","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1757-8981","issn":["1757-8981","1757-899X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012061/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110532033","display_name":"Mahmud Rasheed Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-6978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-6978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmud R Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076313076","display_name":"Yassr Y. Kahtan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-8521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-8521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yassr Y Kahtan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057129176","display_name":"Saif Mohammed Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-0602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-0602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif M Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78137948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"671","issue":"1","first_page":"012061","last_page":"012061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/below-knee-prosthesis","display_name":"below-knee prosthesis","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-response","display_name":"impact response","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"energy storage","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-absorption","display_name":"shock absorption","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"gait analysis","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-reaction-force","display_name":"ground reaction force","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loading-rate","display_name":"loading rate","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-flexion-angle","display_name":"knee flexion angle","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-angular-velocity","display_name":"knee angular velocity","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosthesis-design","display_name":"prosthesis design","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778715743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181802","display_name":"Prosthesis","level":2,"score":0.6647769212722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65655974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14867674","display_name":"Swing","level":2,"score":0.5927022695541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5292577147483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781464450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839144","display_name":"Treadmill","level":2,"score":0.5023226737976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.48347049951553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.47101911902427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4613606333732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.43627792596817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.415622740983963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3144124746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2264675796031952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22006669640541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.19458681344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.178243488073349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.17689189314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16768121719360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.08807522058486938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189194","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1757-8981","issn":["1757-8981","1757-899X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/671/1/012061","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189194","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1757-8981","issn":["1757-8981","1757-899X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319196","display_name":"Al-Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999547784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999547784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578189169","https://openalex.org/W2029878675","https://openalex.org/W2155734401","https://openalex.org/W2167212083","https://openalex.org/W2621303683","https://openalex.org/W2810902424","https://openalex.org/W3126656025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742498847","https://openalex.org/W2117239971","https://openalex.org/W2138462987","https://openalex.org/W1986937141","https://openalex.org/W7023669835","https://openalex.org/W2194344618","https://openalex.org/W7069790059","https://openalex.org/W7058513469","https://openalex.org/W2072108472","https://openalex.org/W4299815473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,106],"below":[2],"knee":[3,134],"(BK)":[4],"prosthesis":[5,140,153],"is":[6,43,72,90],"a":[7,45,48,54,87,144,151],"device":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,51,57,98,112],"compensate":[11],"for":[12,24],"missing":[13],"limb":[14],"segments":[15],"in":[16,83,154,165],"patients":[17],"with":[18,92,143,150],"BK":[19,68,145],"amputations":[20],"as":[21,53,100],"an":[22],"aid":[23],"locomotive":[25],"and":[26,38,64,95,103,120,133,148,157,186,192,198,208,213],"other":[27],"daily":[28],"activities":[29],"It":[30],"consists":[31],"of":[32,47,129,184],"three":[33],"main":[34,122],"parts:":[35],"socket,":[36],"shank,":[37],"artificial":[39],"foot.":[40,65],"The":[41,138,160],"shank":[42,71],"merely":[44],"shaft":[46],"suitable":[49],"length":[50],"serve":[52],"frame":[55],"structure":[56],"transfer":[58],"biomechanical":[59],"forces":[60],"between":[61],"the":[62,70,84,114,121,126,174,181,204,217],"socket":[63],"In":[66],"traditional":[67,152],"prostheses,":[69],"made":[73],"from":[74,117],"rigid":[75],"metallic":[76],"or":[77],"composite":[78],"material":[79],"tube":[80],"(Teflon),":[81],"while":[82],"current":[85],"work,":[86],"modified":[88,139],"version":[89],"suggested":[91],"internal":[93],"stiffness":[94],"damping":[96],"characteristics":[97],"act":[99],"energy":[101],"storage":[102],"shock":[104],"absorber.":[105],"mathematical":[107],"model":[108],"was":[109,141],"thus":[110],"employed":[111],"analyse":[113],"impact":[115,185,196],"behaviour":[116],"walking":[118],"gait,":[119],"parameters":[123],"studied":[124],"were":[125],"effective":[127,182],"mass":[128,183],"impact,":[130],"loading":[131,187],"rate,":[132],"pre-swing":[135],"angular":[136,209],"velocity.":[137],"tested":[142],"amputation":[146],"patient":[147,166],"compared":[149],"force":[155],"platform":[156],"treadmill":[158],"tests.":[159],"results":[161],"showed":[162],"some":[163],"improvement":[164],"gait":[167],"parameters;":[168],"at":[169,177,199],"stance":[170],"phase,":[171],"it":[172,202],"smoothed":[173],"GRF":[175],"curve;":[176],"heel":[178],"strike,":[179],"both":[180],"rate":[188],"increased":[189,203],"by":[190,211],"16%":[191],"22%,":[193],"indicating":[194],"good":[195],"reduction,":[197],"pre":[200],"swing,":[201],"initial":[205],"flexion":[206],"angle":[207],"velocity":[210],"13%":[212],"15%,":[214],"respectively,":[215],"enhancing":[216],"swing":[218],"phase.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-01-23T00:00:00"}