{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997728144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","title":"Exploring Chemical Space with Machine Learning","display_name":"Exploring Chemical Space with Machine Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997728144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","mag":"2997728144","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31883554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","pdf_url":"https://chimia.ch/chimia/article/download/1353/673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48370085","display_name":"CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-4293","issn":["0009-4293","2673-2424"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800694","host_organization_name":"Swiss Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800694"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Swiss Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHIMIA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://chimia.ch/chimia/article/download/1353/673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025373665","display_name":"Josep Ar\u00fas\u2010Pous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-2944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-2944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Ar\u00fas-Pous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004141939","display_name":"Mahendra Awale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-6552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-6552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahendra Awale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046410250","display_name":"Daniel Probst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-4407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-4407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Probst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040848839","display_name":"Jean\u2010Louis Reymond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-2942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-2942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Louis Reymond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern;, Email: jean-louis.reymond@dcb.unibe.ch","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern;, Email: jean-louis.reymond@dcb.unibe.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center for Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84173349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"12","first_page":"1018","last_page":"1018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3002","display_name":"Drug Discovery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3002","display_name":"Drug Discovery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13297","display_name":"History and advancements in chemistry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-space","display_name":"chemical space","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-diversity","display_name":"molecular diversity","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"drug discovery","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragment-based-design","display_name":"fragment-based design","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chembl","display_name":"ChEMBL","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-network","display_name":"deep neural network","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-property-prediction","display_name":"molecular property prediction","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"data visualization","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63222358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6120337","display_name":"chEMBL","level":3,"score":0.9674918055534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99726746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906396","display_name":"Chemical space","level":3,"score":0.956925630569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6469752788543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68762167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910164","display_name":"Cheminformatics","level":2,"score":0.5620847344398499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5187031030654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5150682330131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.5103225111961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.49369558691978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.457767516374588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4386121332645416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42251020669937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36651158332824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3229164183139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.27020859718322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2603367567062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.11185973882675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10513821244239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","pdf_url":"https://chimia.ch/chimia/article/download/1353/673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48370085","display_name":"CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-4293","issn":["0009-4293","2673-2424"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800694","host_organization_name":"Swiss Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800694"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Swiss Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHIMIA","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31883554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31883554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chimia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.7892/boris.141738","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/54504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:141738","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/141738/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ar\u00fas-Pous, Josep; Awale, Mahendra; Probst, Daniel; Reymond, Jean-Louis (2019). Exploring Chemical Space with Machine Learning. CHIMIA, 73(12), pp. 1018-1023. Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaft 10.2533/chimia.2019.1018 &lt;http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018&gt;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:654e285e14284654bd303455438095cc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/654e285e14284654bd303455438095cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CHIMIA, Vol 73, Iss 12 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.1018","pdf_url":"https://chimia.ch/chimia/article/download/1353/673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48370085","display_name":"CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-4293","issn":["0009-4293","2673-2424"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800694","host_organization_name":"Swiss Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800694"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Swiss Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHIMIA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5103510783","display_name":"Big Data in Chemistry","funder_award_id":"676434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310992","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318602","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328447","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332736","display_name":"Novartis Pharma","ror":"https://ror.org/0013shd50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997728144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997728144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780675302","https://openalex.org/W2786103815","https://openalex.org/W2786722833","https://openalex.org/W2987091515","https://openalex.org/W2991736596","https://openalex.org/W3008588639","https://openalex.org/W4252520800","https://openalex.org/W6600175266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766185799","https://openalex.org/W1992156271","https://openalex.org/W2161782568","https://openalex.org/W2483215936","https://openalex.org/W2151971404","https://openalex.org/W7214956117","https://openalex.org/W7170031272","https://openalex.org/W2943546850","https://openalex.org/W1981622697","https://openalex.org/W4382461849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chemical":[0],"space":[1,20,42],"is":[2,27,34],"a":[3,18,73],"concept":[4],"to":[5,35,38,67,77,91,115],"organize":[6],"molecular":[7],"diversity":[8],"by":[9,29],"postulating":[10],"that":[11],"different":[12,15],"molecules":[13,96],"occupy":[14],"regions":[16],"of":[17,24,46,54,63,80,95],"mathematical":[19],"where":[21],"the":[22,44,69,93],"position":[23],"each":[25],"molecule":[26],"defined":[28],"its":[30],"properties.":[31],"Our":[32],"aim":[33],"develop":[36],"methods":[37,109],"explicitly":[39],"explore":[40],"chemical":[41],"in":[43,57,127],"area":[45],"drug":[47],"discovery.":[48],"Here":[49],"we":[50],"review":[51,129],"our":[52,61],"implementations":[53],"machine":[55,121],"learning":[56,122],"this":[58,128],"project,":[59],"including":[60],"use":[62],"deep":[64],"neural":[65],"networks":[66],"enumerate":[68],"GDB13":[70],"database":[71],"from":[72,103,120],"small":[74],"sample":[75],"set,":[76],"generate":[78],"analogs":[79],"drugs":[81],"and":[82,90,118,135],"natural":[83],"products":[84],"after":[85,97],"training":[86,98],"with":[87,99],"fragment-size":[88],"molecules,":[89],"predict":[92],"polypharmacology":[94],"known":[100],"bioactive":[101],"compounds":[102],"ChEMBL.":[104],"We":[105],"also":[106],"discuss":[107],"visualization":[108],"for":[110],"big":[111],"data":[112],"as":[113],"means":[114],"keep":[116],"track":[117],"learn":[119],"results.":[123],"Computational":[124],"tools":[125],"discussed":[126],"are":[130],"freely":[131],"available":[132],"at":[133],"http://gdb.unibe.ch":[134],"https://github.com/reymond-group.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00"}
