{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997538680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","title":"Politeness Pressure on Grammar: The Case of First and Second Person Pronouns and Address Terms in Korean","display_name":"Politeness Pressure on Grammar: The Case of First and Second Person Pronouns and Address Terms in Korean","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997538680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","mag":"2997538680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","pdf_url":"http://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/download/22526/17612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239606","display_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics","issn_l":"2312-9182","issn":["2312-9182","2312-9212","2686-8024","2687-0088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312633","host_organization_name":"Peoples' Friendship University of Russia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/download/22526/17612","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045071983","display_name":"Seongha Rhee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-0975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-0975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83436808","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seongha Rhee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hankuk University of Foreign Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045071983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2334,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97441528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"950","last_page":"974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.4357999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.4357999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13538","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Analysis","score":0.05609999969601631,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korean-language","display_name":"Korean language","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-person-pronouns","display_name":"first-person pronouns","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-person-pronouns","display_name":"second-person pronouns","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/address-terms","display_name":"address terms","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammaticalization","display_name":"grammaticalization","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honorifics","display_name":"honorifics","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-grammar","display_name":"emergent grammar","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diachronic-change","display_name":"diachronic change","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.8426634669303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326966","display_name":"Honorific","level":2,"score":0.8075743317604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.8058127164840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24184978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468801","display_name":"Personal pronoun","level":2,"score":0.6895179748535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5938062071800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5756441354751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5743094682693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135756266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358208","display_name":"Grammaticalization","level":2,"score":0.47069501876831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4348437488079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2776946425437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1392715871334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","pdf_url":"http://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/download/22526/17612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239606","display_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics","issn_l":"2312-9182","issn":["2312-9182","2312-9212","2686-8024","2687-0088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312633","host_organization_name":"Peoples' Friendship University of Russia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7cdc9e3256104992aa964be6eb9d9c9a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7cdc9e3256104992aa964be6eb9d9c9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics, Vol 23, Iss 4, Pp 950-974 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-950-974","pdf_url":"http://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/download/22526/17612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239606","display_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics","issn_l":"2312-9182","issn":["2312-9182","2312-9212","2686-8024","2687-0088"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312633","host_organization_name":"Peoples' Friendship University of Russia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Russian Journal of Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321227","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323032","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332502","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997538680.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997538680.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74511964","https://openalex.org/W100957002","https://openalex.org/W615752071","https://openalex.org/W620256024","https://openalex.org/W641606491","https://openalex.org/W1494684063","https://openalex.org/W1524128662","https://openalex.org/W1546508205","https://openalex.org/W1558939142","https://openalex.org/W1568882564","https://openalex.org/W1577142816","https://openalex.org/W1652090593","https://openalex.org/W1789975943","https://openalex.org/W1973826788","https://openalex.org/W1990833152","https://openalex.org/W2037334977","https://openalex.org/W2038589788","https://openalex.org/W2043362044","https://openalex.org/W2043920660","https://openalex.org/W2059619467","https://openalex.org/W2118134115","https://openalex.org/W2147384887","https://openalex.org/W2193408203","https://openalex.org/W2335254003","https://openalex.org/W2479302091","https://openalex.org/W2763024775","https://openalex.org/W2906498052","https://openalex.org/W3158572170","https://openalex.org/W3170351430","https://openalex.org/W4211062583","https://openalex.org/W4211177138","https://openalex.org/W4245932918","https://openalex.org/W4255687068","https://openalex.org/W4388117266","https://openalex.org/W6660157646","https://openalex.org/W6660542956","https://openalex.org/W6812557132","https://openalex.org/W6813688303","https://openalex.org/W6857958623","https://openalex.org/W7029390631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293082991","https://openalex.org/W1542142861","https://openalex.org/W2464224373","https://openalex.org/W6942447791","https://openalex.org/W7097445048","https://openalex.org/W6964989362","https://openalex.org/W4366608408","https://openalex.org/W4412607745","https://openalex.org/W4213089920","https://openalex.org/W3164504046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grammar":[0],"is":[1,41,52,60,67,82,109,140,180,193],"constantly":[2,208,225,239],"emergent":[3],"as":[4],"an":[5],"aggregate":[6],"whole":[7],"of":[8,89,99,113,123,125,131,133,153,173,181,189],"discourse":[9],"tendencies":[10,27],"that":[11,177,185,221],"are":[12,28,86,162,224,238],"present":[13],"in":[14,55,57,118],"language":[15],"use":[16],"between":[17],"interlocutors,":[18],"hence":[19],"the":[20,35,64,79,87,97,114,121,128,136,165,174,178,186,205,229,234,243],"notion":[21],"\u2018emergent":[22],"grammar\u2019":[23],"(Hopper":[24],"1987).":[25,49],"These":[26],"formed":[29],"by":[30],"diverse":[31],"discursive":[32],"needs,":[33],"including":[34],"need":[36,51],"to":[37,43,93,227,241],"signal":[38],"politeness,":[39],"which":[40,58],"assumed":[42],"be":[44,198],"universal":[45],"(Brown":[46],"and":[47,96,104,233],"Levinson":[48],"This":[50,107],"particularly":[53],"important":[54],"Korean,":[56,119],"politeness":[59,65,134],"highly":[61,142,163],"grammaticalized,":[62],"i.e.,":[63,145],"marking":[66],"not":[68,148],"only":[69],"a":[70,110,141,150,214],"pragmatic":[71],"but":[72],"grammatical":[73],"issue.":[74],"The":[75],"two":[76],"areas":[77],"where":[78],"speaker\u2019s":[80],"decision":[81],"most":[83],"clearly":[84],"visible":[85],"choice":[88,98,179],"sentence-enders,":[90],"modulated":[91],"up":[92],"six":[94],"levels,":[95],"personal":[100,115,137,159,201],"reference,":[101],"e.g.,":[102],"pronouns":[103],"address":[105],"terms.":[106],"study":[108],"diachronic":[111],"investigation":[112],"reference":[116,138,160,191,202,218,236],"system":[117,139],"exploring":[120],"effect":[122,232],"pressure":[124],"politeness.":[126],"Despite":[127],"high":[129,151],"level":[130,152],"grammaticalization":[132],"marking,":[135],"unstable":[143],"paradigm,":[144],"it":[146],"has":[147],"undergone":[149],"\u2018paradigmaticization\u2019":[154],"(Lehmann":[155],"1995":[156],"[1982]).":[157],"Since":[158],"terms":[161,192,203,219,223,237],"variable,":[164],"speakers":[166],"often":[167],"avoid":[168],"using":[169,190],"them":[170],"for":[171],"fear":[172],"addressee":[175],"perceiving":[176],"insufficient":[182],"honorification":[183,231],"or":[184],"very":[187],"act":[188],"impolite":[194],"when":[195],"they":[196],"could":[197],"omitted.":[199],"Furthermore,":[200],"with":[204],"[+Honorific]":[206,222],"feature":[207],"deteriorate":[209],"through":[210],"frequent":[211],"use.":[212],"Therefore,":[213],"look":[215],"into":[216],"Korean":[217],"shows":[220],"innovated":[226,240],"upgrade":[228],"diminishing":[230],"first-person":[235],"strengthen":[242],"[+Humiliative]":[244],"meaning.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00"}