{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997536432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","title":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Systematic Review","display_name":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Systematic Review","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997536432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","mag":"2997536432","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30307737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000950219","display_name":"Ethan M. Balk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-7290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-7290"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan M Balk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011120853","display_name":"Gaelen P. Adam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-9205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-9205"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaelen P Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025703175","display_name":"Valerie Langberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Langberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063073264","display_name":"Christopher W. Halladay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-9107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-9107"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Halladay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068105978","display_name":"Mei  Chun Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-2870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-2870"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lin Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sarah Robertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047728071","display_name":"Agustin G. Yip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-3439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-3439"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agustin Yip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077272405","display_name":"Dale W. Steele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-0255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-0255"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dale Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110359623","display_name":"Bryant T Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryant T Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph Lau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087239434","display_name":"Alice Hinda Lichtenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1053-9478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1053-9478"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice H Lichtenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062268434","display_name":"Thomas A Trikalinos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-1848"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A Trikalinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Evidence-based Practice Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"223","first_page":"1","last_page":"1252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-3-fatty-acids","display_name":"omega-3 fatty acids","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eicosapentaenoic-acid","display_name":"eicosapentaenoic acid","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docosahexaenoic-acid","display_name":"docosahexaenoic acid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docosapentaenoic-acid","display_name":"docosapentaenoic acid","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stearidonic-acid","display_name":"stearidonic acid","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-linolenic-acid","display_name":"alpha-linolenic acid","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-oils","display_name":"marine oils","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-adverse-cardiovascular-events","display_name":"major adverse cardiovascular events","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudden-cardiac-death","display_name":"sudden cardiac death","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7724971175193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17177300","display_name":"Docosapentaenoic acid","level":5,"score":0.754798173904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7100132703781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776091944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409990","display_name":"Eicosapentaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.6931868195533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777171753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423345","display_name":"Docosahexaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.66640305519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6344577074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6095125675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.581953763961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.575955331325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.48328736424446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4294527471065521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.40726137161254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.2547520399093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19038510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005087","display_name":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid","level":3,"score":0.22706672549247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06815218925476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.06219625473022461}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004281","descriptor_name":"Docosahexaenoic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004435","descriptor_name":"Eating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005231","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids, Unsaturated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009203","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Infarction","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015118","descriptor_name":"Eicosapentaenoic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015525","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids, Omega-3","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brown Evidence-based Practice Center","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmid:30307737","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30307737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evidence report/technology assessment","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2353095451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract No. 290-2012-00012-I","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916082990","https://openalex.org/W3006875859","https://openalex.org/W1997971233","https://openalex.org/W3126505130","https://openalex.org/W4394689688","https://openalex.org/W2742827951","https://openalex.org/W4309094400","https://openalex.org/W272528097","https://openalex.org/W2046605966","https://openalex.org/W2159927418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,66,584],"effect":[2,43,439,467,535,547,671,716,723,735,791],"and":[3,12,19,32,34,49,54,61,84,104,115,122,184,198,207,217,229,241,266,302,355,369,411,413,418,431,458,490,496,619,635,645,664,692],"association":[4,56,175,260,380,427,483],"of":[5,29,44,57,96,101,135,152,173,193,255,258,306,348,358,378,402,425,437,440,465,468,481,525,531,536,541,563,579,672,736,760,789,792,806,819],"omega-3":[6],"fatty":[7],"acids":[8],"(n-3":[9],"FA)":[10],"intake":[11,60,139,148,180,265,292,323,354,409,470,486,675,750],"biomarker":[13,182,488],"levels":[14],"with":[15,63,149,165,381,516,568,592,604,628,681,709,757],"cardiovascular":[16,825],"(CV)":[17],"clinical":[18,33,48,196,647,740],"intermediate":[20,35,51,202,725,824],"outcomes":[21,53,197,203,596,678,682,797,826],"remains":[22],"controversial.":[23],"We":[24,129,167,187],"update":[25],"prior":[26,630],"Evidence":[27],"Reports":[28],"n-3":[30,45,58,67,137,146,178,249,263,506,514,537,564,617,633,661,673,737,793,820],"FA":[31,46,59,68,138,147,179,264,396,457,507,515,565,618,634,662,674,738,794,821],"CV":[36,52,64,329,648,665,677],"disease":[37,363],"(CVD)":[38],"outcomes.":[39,65,186,278,393,459,504,666,726,742,763],"OBJECTIVES:":[40],"Evaluate":[41],"the":[42,55,92,119,174,304,607,629,670,734,790,817],"on":[47,444,471,533,594,632,643,646,658,676,717,724,733,739,774,795,823],"selected":[50],"biomarkers":[62,430,663],"under":[69],"review":[70],"include":[71],"eicosapentaenoic":[72],"acid":[73,76,79,82,86],"(EPA),":[74],"docosahexaenoic":[75],"(DHA),":[77],"docosapentaenoic":[78],"(DPA),":[80],"stearidonic":[81],"(SDA),":[83],"alphalinolenic":[85],"(ALA).":[87],"DATA":[88],"SOURCES:":[89],"MEDLINE\u00ae,":[90],"Embase\u00ae,":[91],"Cochrane":[93,99],"Central":[94],"Register":[95],"Controlled":[97],"Trials,":[98],"Database":[100],"Systematic":[102],"Reviews,":[103],"CAB":[105],"Abstracts":[106],"from":[107,118,731,752],"2000":[108],"or":[109,144,163,181,191,269,342,384,407,416,446,475,487,519,603,679,769,778,798,830],"2002":[110],"to":[111,141,285,309,785,799,813],"June":[112],"8,":[113],"2015,":[114],"eligible":[116],"studies":[117,172,233,243,527,543,553,610,744],"original":[120],"reports":[121],"relevant":[123],"existing":[124,218],"systematic":[125,219],"reviews.":[126],"REVIEW":[127],"METHODS:":[128],"included":[130,169],"randomized":[131],"controlled":[132],"trials":[133,810],"(RCTs)":[134],"any":[136,534],"compared":[140,588],"no,":[142],"lower,":[143],"other":[145,277,392,453,503,518],"an":[150],"outcome":[151],"interest":[153],"conducted":[154],"in":[155,566,572,597,623,702,707,767,803],"healthy":[156,625],"adults,":[157],"those":[158,164,567,573],"at":[159,599],"risk":[160,357,600,759],"for":[161,195,201,276,391,452,502,520,601],"CVD,":[162,605,636],"CVD.":[166],"also":[168,318],"prospective":[170],"observational":[171,232,242,609],"between":[176,261,350,405,414,428,484,614,660],"baseline":[177],"level":[183,489],"followup":[185,194],"required":[188],"1":[189],"year":[190],"more":[192,639],"4":[199],"weeks":[200],"(blood":[204],"pressure":[205],"[BP]":[206],"lipids).":[208],"RESULTS:":[209],"From":[210],"11,440":[211],"citations":[212],"(from":[213],"electronic":[214],"literature":[215],"searches":[216],"reviews),":[220],"829":[221],"abstracts":[222],"met":[223],"basic":[224],"eligibility":[225],"criteria;":[226],"61":[227,585],"RCTs":[228,240,586,732,781],"37":[230,608],"longitudinal":[231],"(in":[234],"147":[235],"articles)":[236],"were":[237,729,771],"included.":[238],"Most":[239],"had":[244],"few":[245],"risk-of-bias":[246],"concerns.":[247],"Total":[248],"FA:":[250],"There":[251,272,282,344,374,387,398,421,448,461,477,498,509],"is":[252,273,283,345,375,388,399,422,449,462,478,499,510,638,755],"low":[253,313,346,376,400,423,479],"strength":[254],"evidence":[256,275,390,451,501,512,642,788],"(SoE)":[257],"no":[259,379,403,426,438,466,482,529,545,577,714,721],"total":[262,307,333],"stroke":[267],"death":[268,383],"myocardial":[270,365],"infarction.":[271],"insufficient":[274,389,450,500,511],"Marine":[279,394,686],"oils,":[280],"total:":[281],"moderate":[284,435,463],"high":[286,297],"SoE":[287,347,377,401,424,436,464,480],"that":[288,319,746],"higher":[289,320,351,747],"marine":[290,321,352,455,589,748],"oil":[291,322,353,395,456,590,749],"lowers":[293,303],"triglycerides":[294],"(Tg),":[295],"raises":[296,312],"density":[298,314],"lipoprotein":[299,315],"cholesterol":[300,308,316],"(HDL-c),":[301],"ratio":[305],"HDL-c":[310,691],"but":[311,434,570,576],"(LDL-c);":[317],"does":[324],"not":[325,571],"affect":[326],"major":[327],"adverse":[328],"events,":[330],"all-cause":[331],"death,":[332,337,360,493],"stroke,":[334,368],"sudden":[335],"cardiac":[336],"coronary":[338,361],"revascularization,":[339],"atrial":[340,419,432,494],"fibrillation,":[341,433,495],"BP.":[343,718],"associations":[349,404,613,659,680,770],"decreased":[356],"CVD":[359,595,602,621,741,762,796],"heart":[362,371],"(CHD),":[364],"infarction,":[366],"ischemic":[367],"congestive":[370],"failure":[372],"(CHF).":[373],"CHD":[382,492],"hemorrhagic":[385],"stroke.":[386],"individually:":[397],"EPA":[406,415,429],"DHA":[408,442],"(separately)":[410],"CHD,":[412,491],"DPA":[417],"fibrillation.":[420],"purified":[441],"supplementation":[443,822],"BP":[445],"LDL-c.":[447],"specific":[454],"ALA:":[460],"ALA":[469,485,644,719],"BP,":[472],"LDL-c,":[473,828],"HDL-c,":[474,829],"Tg.":[476],"CHF.":[497],"Other":[505],"analyses:":[508,523],"comparing":[513],"each":[517],"SDA.":[521],"Subgroup":[522],"Nineteen":[524],"22":[526],"found":[528,544,558],"interaction":[530,580],"sex":[532],"FA.":[538],"Likewise,":[539],"19":[540],"20":[542],"differential":[546,801],"by":[548,651,694],"statin":[549],"co-use.":[550],"Within":[551],"16":[552],"evaluating":[554],"diabetes":[555,569],"subgroups,":[556],"2":[557],"statistically":[559,688],"significant":[560,715,722],"beneficial":[561],"effects":[562,768,802,818],"without":[574],"diabetes,":[575],"test":[578],"was":[581],"reported.":[582],"CONCLUSIONS:":[583],"mostly":[587,611],"supplements":[591],"placebo":[593],"populations":[598],"while":[606,699],"examined":[612],"various":[615],"individual":[616],"long-term":[620],"events":[622],"generally":[624],"populations.":[626],"Compared":[627],"report":[631],"there":[637,653],"robust":[640],"RCT":[641],"outcomes;":[649],"also,":[650],"design":[652],"are":[654,811],"newly":[655],"added":[656],"data":[657,728],"However,":[667,808],"conclusions":[668,815],"regarding":[669],"remain":[683],"substantially":[684],"unchanged.":[685],"oils":[687],"significantly":[689],"raise":[690],"LDL-c":[693],"similar":[695],"amounts":[696],"(\u22642":[697],"mg/dL),":[698],"lowering":[700],"Tg":[701],"a":[703],"dose-dependent":[704],"manner,":[705],"particularly":[706],"individuals":[708],"elevated":[710],"Tg;":[711],"they":[712],"have":[713],"has":[720],"Limited":[727],"available":[730],"Observational":[743],"suggest":[745],"(including":[751],"dietary":[753],"fish)":[754],"associated":[756],"lower":[758],"several":[761],"No":[764],"clear":[765],"differences":[766],"evident":[772],"based":[773],"population,":[775],"demographic":[776],"features,":[777],"cointerventions.":[779],"Future":[780],"would":[782],"be":[783],"needed":[784],"establish":[786],"adequate":[787],"clarify":[800],"different":[804],"groups":[805],"people.":[807],"future":[809],"unlikely":[812],"alter":[814],"about":[816],"(BP,":[827],"Tg).":[831]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00"}
