{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997150930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","title":"A Visual Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Improved TLD","display_name":"A Visual Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Improved TLD","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997150930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","mag":"2997150930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13010015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/15/pdf?version=1579587872","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/15/pdf?version=1579587872","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033637376","display_name":"Xinxin Zhen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-8691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-8691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101724674","display_name":"Shumin Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-0709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-0709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumin Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102079481","display_name":"Yinmin Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033637376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1056},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1056},"fwci":1.181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77661242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-tracking","display_name":"visual object tracking","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-learning-detection","display_name":"Tracking-Learning-Detection","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernelized-correlation-filter","display_name":"kernelized correlation filter","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection","display_name":"fault detection","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occlusion","display_name":"occlusion","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-blur","display_name":"motion blur","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-change","display_name":"environmental change","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7735519409179688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7605190277099609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7597236633300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141664624214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.637741208076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6021322011947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5935975313186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5605371594429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.46788543462753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.45436009764671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.4414803981781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3231341242790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2635236978530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.1861822009086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11194294691085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13010015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/15/pdf?version=1579587872","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1baf7de073a94fa1a9ff505fa0811784","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1baf7de073a94fa1a9ff505fa0811784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 15 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a13010015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13010015","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/13/1/15/pdf?version=1579587872","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997150930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997150930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976556524","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2165737454","https://openalex.org/W2188226927","https://openalex.org/W2402981234","https://openalex.org/W2586544123","https://openalex.org/W2608627404","https://openalex.org/W2754738919","https://openalex.org/W2766902549","https://openalex.org/W2900115225","https://openalex.org/W2901203427","https://openalex.org/W2904713931","https://openalex.org/W2905972125","https://openalex.org/W2910583818","https://openalex.org/W2911160819","https://openalex.org/W2949694512","https://openalex.org/W2962824803","https://openalex.org/W2963227409","https://openalex.org/W2994494428","https://openalex.org/W3118615593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2518521223","https://openalex.org/W2922211168","https://openalex.org/W2355357225","https://openalex.org/W2796532658","https://openalex.org/W3011510350","https://openalex.org/W2324779522","https://openalex.org/W1649800029","https://openalex.org/W4416164232","https://openalex.org/W3010983772","https://openalex.org/W2736132673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"object":[1,122,153],"tracking":[2,18,32,39,54,76,112,145,154,163,197,202],"is":[3,56,80,103,124,131],"an":[4],"important":[5],"research":[6],"topic":[7],"in":[8,49,74,133,143,175],"the":[9,17,31,38,42,67,75,83,92,100,106,111,115,118,134,144,152,158,162,170,180,192],"field":[10],"of":[11,41,69,85,99,121],"computer":[12],"vision.":[13],"Tracking\u2013learning\u2013detection":[14],"(TLD)":[15],"decomposes":[16],"problem":[19],"into":[20],"three":[21,45],"modules\u2014tracking,":[22],"learning,":[23],"and":[24,126,157,165,188],"detection\u2014which":[25],"provides":[26],"effective":[27],"ideas":[28],"for":[29,82],"solving":[30],"problem.":[33],"In":[34],"order":[35],"to":[36,87,140],"improve":[37],"performance":[40,198],"TLD":[43,171,194],"tracker,":[44],"improvements":[46],"are":[47],"proposed":[48,181],"this":[50],"paper.":[51],"The":[52],"built-in":[53],"module":[55,102,136],"replaced":[57],"with":[58,179,200],"a":[59,127],"kernelized":[60],"correlation":[61],"filter":[62],"(KCF)":[63],"algorithm":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66,151],"histogram":[68],"oriented":[70],"gradient":[71],"(HOG)":[72],"descriptor":[73],"module.":[77,113,146],"Failure":[78],"detection":[79,97,101,123,135],"added":[81],"response":[84],"KCF":[86,90],"identify":[88],"whether":[89],"loses":[91],"target.":[93],"A":[94],"more":[95],"specific":[96],"area":[98,120],"obtained":[104],"through":[105],"estimated":[107],"location":[108],"provided":[109],"by":[110],"With":[114],"above":[116],"operations,":[117],"scanning":[119],"reduced,":[125],"full":[128],"frame":[129],"search":[130],"required":[132],"if":[137],"objects":[138],"fails":[139],"be":[141],"tracked":[142],"Comparative":[147],"experiments":[148],"were":[149],"conducted":[150],"benchmark":[155],"(OTB)":[156],"results":[159],"showed":[160],"that":[161],"speed":[164],"accuracy":[166],"was":[167],"improved.":[168],"Further,":[169],"tracker":[172],"performed":[173],"better":[174],"different":[176],"challenging":[177],"scenarios":[178],"method,":[182],"such":[183],"as":[184],"motion":[185],"blur,":[186],"occlusion,":[187],"environmental":[189],"changes.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"improved":[193],"achieved":[195],"outstanding":[196],"compared":[199],"common":[201],"algorithms.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00"}