{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996887305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","title":"Genetic Background and Sex: Impact on Generalizability of Research Findings in Pharmacology Studies","display_name":"Genetic Background and Sex: Impact on Generalizability of Research Findings in Pharmacology Studies","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996887305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","mag":"2996887305","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/164_2019_282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F164_2019_282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754143784","display_name":"Handbook of experimental pharmacology","issn_l":"0171-2004","issn":["0171-2004","1865-0325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123771905","display_name":"Good Research Practice in Non-Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedicine"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F164_2019_282.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054219325","display_name":"Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-8127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-8127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. rizzos@pitt.edu","University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. rizzos@pitt.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013927797","display_name":"Stephanie M. McTighe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131505","display_name":"Sage Therapeutics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03t9rxt77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131505"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie McTighe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074035943","display_name":"David L. McKinzie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-3316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-3316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. McKinzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054219325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.06,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97013487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"257","issue":null,"first_page":"147","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13252","display_name":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-background","display_name":"genetic background","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preclinical-research","display_name":"preclinical research","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-models-of-disease","display_name":"animal models of disease","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-effects","display_name":"age effects","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-models","display_name":"disease models","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"drug discovery","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.8871769309043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5773424506187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.49756816029548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76725341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893126","display_name":"Inbred strain","level":3,"score":0.48037275671958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.40421825647354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.38275837898254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.37491607666015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3492901921272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24886563420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1678517758846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1283465027809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.12566453218460083}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068617","descriptor_name":"Genetic Background","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010601","descriptor_name":"Pharmacology, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016678","descriptor_name":"Genome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D023421","descriptor_name":"Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/164_2019_282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F164_2019_282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754143784","display_name":"Handbook of experimental pharmacology","issn_l":"0171-2004","issn":["0171-2004","1865-0325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:31595415","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of experimental pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/24169","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/24169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publisher","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.iupui.edu:1805/24169","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1805/24169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publisher","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/164_2019_282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_282","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F164_2019_282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2754143784","display_name":"Handbook of experimental pharmacology","issn_l":"0171-2004","issn":["0171-2004","1865-0325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996887305.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996887305.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49968849","https://openalex.org/W73990037","https://openalex.org/W111764737","https://openalex.org/W1494389740","https://openalex.org/W1552728147","https://openalex.org/W1557131785","https://openalex.org/W1680656094","https://openalex.org/W1939173654","https://openalex.org/W1968825227","https://openalex.org/W1971510748","https://openalex.org/W1973003238","https://openalex.org/W1978444428","https://openalex.org/W1982818125","https://openalex.org/W1984920442","https://openalex.org/W1986723837","https://openalex.org/W1989487884","https://openalex.org/W1996579832","https://openalex.org/W1997538585","https://openalex.org/W2003921075","https://openalex.org/W2005501593","https://openalex.org/W2009128308","https://openalex.org/W2020738884","https://openalex.org/W2023825621","https://openalex.org/W2027431314","https://openalex.org/W2029336069","https://openalex.org/W2037250268","https://openalex.org/W2040831152","https://openalex.org/W2041384370","https://openalex.org/W2042265914","https://openalex.org/W2044038526","https://openalex.org/W2047706200","https://openalex.org/W2049069390","https://openalex.org/W2050091356","https://openalex.org/W2052317102","https://openalex.org/W2058867803","https://openalex.org/W2060191609","https://openalex.org/W2061665487","https://openalex.org/W2065679303","https://openalex.org/W2089799315","https://openalex.org/W2090869890","https://openalex.org/W2109276098","https://openalex.org/W2118247434","https://openalex.org/W2122538288","https://openalex.org/W2146249493","https://openalex.org/W2146568686","https://openalex.org/W2155286781","https://openalex.org/W2156710869","https://openalex.org/W2161000333","https://openalex.org/W2165244440","https://openalex.org/W2170096831","https://openalex.org/W2171921570","https://openalex.org/W2232091047","https://openalex.org/W2398472827","https://openalex.org/W2487634804","https://openalex.org/W2511828599","https://openalex.org/W2527688481","https://openalex.org/W2582553117","https://openalex.org/W2587104373","https://openalex.org/W2624657184","https://openalex.org/W2648952709","https://openalex.org/W2671308999","https://openalex.org/W2787981664","https://openalex.org/W2792726499","https://openalex.org/W2952728789","https://openalex.org/W4296816736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581458031","https://openalex.org/W2499959083","https://openalex.org/W2082328977","https://openalex.org/W2164432256","https://openalex.org/W2087067654","https://openalex.org/W4284975060","https://openalex.org/W2468532521","https://openalex.org/W4220994930","https://openalex.org/W2467893737","https://openalex.org/W2953966178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Animal":[0],"models":[1],"consisting":[2],"of":[3,20,88,102,134,144,167,172,180,190],"inbred":[4,34,45,82],"laboratory":[5],"rodent":[6],"strains":[7,35],"have":[8],"been":[9],"a":[10,43,50,53,59,63,80,86,89,96],"powerful":[11],"tool":[12],"for":[13,141,153],"decades,":[14],"helping":[15],"to":[16,25,52,57,121,138,197],"unravel":[17],"the":[18,74,103,158,165],"underpinnings":[19],"biological":[21],"problems":[22],"and":[23,39,66,79,110,127,170,175,188],"employed":[24],"evaluate":[26],"potential":[27],"therapeutic":[28],"treatments":[29],"in":[30,62,114],"drug":[31],"discovery.":[32],"While":[33],"demonstrate":[36],"relatively":[37],"reliable":[38],"predictable":[40],"responses,":[41],"using":[42],"single":[44,64,81,90,97],"strain":[46,83],"alone":[47],"or":[48,92],"as":[49,162],"background":[51],"mutation":[54],"is":[55,85,99,137],"analogous":[56],"running":[58],"clinical":[60,199],"trial":[61],"individual":[65],"their":[67],"identical":[68],"twins.":[69],"Indeed,":[70],"complex":[71],"etiologies":[72],"drive":[73],"most":[75],"common":[76],"human":[77],"diseases,":[78],"that":[84,186],"surrogate":[87],"genome,":[91],"data":[93,112],"generated":[94,113],"from":[95],"sex,":[98],"not":[100,119],"representative":[101],"genetically":[104],"diverse":[105],"patient":[106],"populations.":[107],"Further,":[108],"pharmacological":[109],"toxicology":[111],"otherwise":[115],"healthy":[116],"animals":[117],"may":[118],"translate":[120],"disease":[122,176],"states":[123],"where":[124],"physiology,":[125],"metabolism,":[126],"general":[128],"health":[129],"are":[130,193],"compromised.":[131],"The":[132,178],"purpose":[133],"this":[135],"chapter":[136],"provide":[139],"guidance":[140],"improving":[142],"generalizability":[143,189],"preclinical":[145],"studies":[146],"by":[147],"providing":[148],"insight":[149],"into":[150],"necessary":[151],"considerations":[152,183],"introducing":[154],"systematic":[155],"variation":[156],"within":[157],"study":[159],"design,":[160],"such":[161],"genetic":[163],"diversity,":[164],"use":[166],"both":[168],"sexes,":[169],"selection":[171],"appropriate":[173],"age":[174],"model.":[177],"outcome":[179],"implementing":[181],"these":[182],"should":[184],"be":[185],"reproducibility":[187],"significant":[191],"results":[192],"significantly":[194],"enhanced":[195],"leading":[196],"improved":[198],"translation.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00"}
