{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996567181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12242","title":"The South Africa\u2010U.S. Trade and the Real Exchange Rate: Asymmetric Evidence from 25 Industries","display_name":"The South Africa\u2010U.S. Trade and the Real Exchange Rate: Asymmetric Evidence from 25 Industries","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996567181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12242","mag":"2996567181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/saje.12242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90392387","display_name":"South African Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0038-2280","issn":["0038-2280","1684-0097","1813-6982"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015838945","display_name":"Mohsen Bahmani\u2010\u00d3skooee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-7715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-7715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Bahmani\u2010Oskooee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Center for Research in International Economics and Department of Economics, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-7715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Center for Research in International Economics and Department of Economics, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022487989","display_name":"Abera Gelan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abera Gelan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Africology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Africology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015838945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91667922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"2","first_page":"186","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.6425999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.6425999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.29249998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-exchange-rate","display_name":"real exchange rate","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetric-exchange-rate-effects","display_name":"asymmetric exchange rate effects","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-balance","display_name":"trade balance","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-and-short-run-effects","display_name":"short-run and long-run effects","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95383336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4198710","display_name":"Depreciation (economics)","level":5,"score":0.7816480398178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7802475690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109168655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242988","display_name":"Liberian dollar","level":2,"score":0.6918064951896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22674136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192796","display_name":"Balance of trade","level":2,"score":0.6657266020774841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.6356748938560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778908629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4391528","display_name":"Effective exchange rate","level":3,"score":0.6339119076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.5582298636436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4992518424987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.44924870133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4449222683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3239905834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.12341564893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08427506685256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58202505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700","display_name":"Capital formation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/saje.12242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/saje.12242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90392387","display_name":"South African Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0038-2280","issn":["0038-2280","1684-0097","1813-6982"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W838814477","https://openalex.org/W1483433431","https://openalex.org/W1505932295","https://openalex.org/W1552763515","https://openalex.org/W1576381622","https://openalex.org/W1939526929","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1976484194","https://openalex.org/W1982594510","https://openalex.org/W1985362770","https://openalex.org/W1998593375","https://openalex.org/W1998774877","https://openalex.org/W2003180693","https://openalex.org/W2049219864","https://openalex.org/W2064451284","https://openalex.org/W2071493879","https://openalex.org/W2082879884","https://openalex.org/W2108347683","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2127972143","https://openalex.org/W2178432222","https://openalex.org/W2222851652","https://openalex.org/W2409809359","https://openalex.org/W2478209815","https://openalex.org/W2517127339","https://openalex.org/W2551657932","https://openalex.org/W2560335775","https://openalex.org/W2577877929","https://openalex.org/W2588960649","https://openalex.org/W2605245442","https://openalex.org/W2612937664","https://openalex.org/W2619641073","https://openalex.org/W2735567020","https://openalex.org/W2802942561","https://openalex.org/W2896312399","https://openalex.org/W2897200289","https://openalex.org/W2914232150","https://openalex.org/W2914279901","https://openalex.org/W3125786970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612937664","https://openalex.org/W7220513311","https://openalex.org/W812453433","https://openalex.org/W4403916484","https://openalex.org/W3131083151","https://openalex.org/W3154005601","https://openalex.org/W2989736569","https://openalex.org/W2547095417","https://openalex.org/W7097106360","https://openalex.org/W4297963565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Previous":[1],"studies":[2],"that":[3,19,29,49,94,102],"assessed":[4],"the":[5,12,20,33,37,42,55],"effects":[6,21,35,61,74,81,86],"of":[7,15,36,45,65],"exchange":[8],"rate":[9,40],"changes":[10],"on":[11,41,76,87],"trade":[13,43,50],"balance":[14,44],"South":[16,52],"Africa":[17,53],"assumed":[18],"are":[22],"symmetric.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper":[26],"we":[27],"violate":[28],"assumption":[30],"and":[31,54,100],"assess":[32],"asymmetric":[34,60,73,80,85],"real":[38],"rand\u2010dollar":[39],"25":[46],"2\u2010digit":[47],"industries":[48,67,93],"between":[51],"U.S.":[56],"We":[57],"find":[58],"short\u2010run":[59,69],"in":[62],"a":[63],"total":[64],"19":[66],"but":[68],"cumulative":[70],"or":[71],"impact":[72],"only":[75],"five":[77],"industries.":[78,89],"Short\u2010run":[79],"lasted":[82],"into":[83],"long\u2010run":[84],"14":[88],"Further":[90],"analysis":[91],"revealed":[92],"will":[95,103],"benefit":[96],"from":[97,106],"rand":[98,107],"depreciation":[99],"those":[101],"be":[104],"hurt":[105],"appreciation.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}