{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996426802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128808","title":"Thickness-dependent charge transport in exfoliated indium selenide vertical field-effect transistors","display_name":"Thickness-dependent charge transport in exfoliated indium selenide vertical field-effect transistors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996426802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128808","mag":"2996426802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.5128808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027542049","display_name":"Vinod Kumar Sangwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-5285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-5285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinod K. Sangwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 1 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-5285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 1 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101183107","display_name":"Junmo Kang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junmo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 1 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 1 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020649130","display_name":"Mark C. Hersam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-1426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-1426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark C. Hersam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University 3 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 1 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-1426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University 3 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 1 , Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020649130"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55584331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":"24","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10275","display_name":"2D Materials and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10275","display_name":"2D Materials and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indium-selenide","display_name":"indium selenide","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-field-effect-transistors","display_name":"vertical field-effect transistors","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thickness-dependence","display_name":"thickness dependence","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fowler-nordheim-tunneling","display_name":"Fowler-Nordheim tunneling","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermionic-emission","display_name":"thermionic emission","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barrier-height-modulation","display_name":"barrier height modulation","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependent-conductance","display_name":"temperature dependence of conductance","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2d-materials","display_name":"two-dimensional materials","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrathin-devices","display_name":"ultrathin devices","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7073221802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6351901292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120398109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","level":2,"score":0.6319078207015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143979616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215259","display_name":"Thermionic emission","level":3,"score":0.6050718426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.6038709282875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145598152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","level":4,"score":0.5913676619529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.582068145275116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543292547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094","display_name":"Indium","level":2,"score":0.5714781880378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.5135359764099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.4355057179927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104232198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865807","display_name":"Charge carrier","level":2,"score":0.42085015773773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.35126304626464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3176608383655548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.12390363216400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10330119729042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0875481367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08324176073074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.5128808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3454132534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1720,139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5815712311","display_name":"NNCI: Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource","funder_award_id":"1542205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968606100","https://openalex.org/W1969414270","https://openalex.org/W2000883892","https://openalex.org/W2003708727","https://openalex.org/W2015977192","https://openalex.org/W2051660536","https://openalex.org/W2058427449","https://openalex.org/W2078118572","https://openalex.org/W2091023923","https://openalex.org/W2134011220","https://openalex.org/W2192681950","https://openalex.org/W2293485867","https://openalex.org/W2508979391","https://openalex.org/W2769976755","https://openalex.org/W2783892188","https://openalex.org/W2787289826","https://openalex.org/W2803951552","https://openalex.org/W2887446748","https://openalex.org/W2898438307","https://openalex.org/W2901522496","https://openalex.org/W2909651220","https://openalex.org/W2909781701","https://openalex.org/W4249760826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000896142","https://openalex.org/W4280537798","https://openalex.org/W2947504066","https://openalex.org/W2588584572","https://openalex.org/W2891007468","https://openalex.org/W3018261302","https://openalex.org/W2612701955","https://openalex.org/W2912381465","https://openalex.org/W2889746493","https://openalex.org/W2529059595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,21,96],"layered,":[2],"two-dimensional":[3],"material":[4],"with":[5,95],"high":[6],"charge":[7,40,77],"carrier":[8],"mobility":[9],"and":[10,57,74,101,142],"photoresponsivity,":[11],"exfoliated":[12,85,199],"indium":[13],"selenide":[14],"(InSe)":[15],"is":[16,93,134],"being":[17],"actively":[18],"studied":[19],"for":[20,84],"variety":[22],"of":[23,38,140,198],"optoelectronic":[24],"applications.":[25,211],"While":[26,145],"significant":[27],"effort":[28],"has":[29,46],"been":[30,47],"devoted":[31],"to":[32,120,185,206],"characterizing":[33],"the":[34,43,81,114,137,165,173,194],"in-plane":[35],"electronic":[36,196],"properties":[37,197],"InSe,":[39,200],"transport":[41,78],"in":[42,52,80,177],"out-of-plane":[44,82,195],"direction":[45,83],"underreported":[48],"despite":[49],"its":[50],"importance":[51],"vertical":[53,89,124,178],"field-effect":[54,90,179],"transistors,":[55,123],"photodetectors,":[56],"related":[58],"van":[59],"der":[60],"Waals":[61],"heterostructure":[62],"devices.":[63],"Here,":[64],"we":[65],"fill":[66],"this":[67,188],"knowledge":[68],"gap":[69],"by":[70,136,151,172],"performing":[71],"variable":[72,75],"temperature":[73,138],"thickness":[76],"measurements":[79],"InSe":[86,122,125,147,155,209],"crystals.":[87],"A":[88],"transistor":[91,180],"geometry":[92],"utilized":[94],"bulk":[97],"metal":[98],"top":[99],"contact":[100,105],"single-layer":[102],"graphene":[103],"bottom":[104],"such":[106],"that":[107],"electrostatic":[108],"gating":[109],"can":[110,169],"be":[111,170],"performed":[112],"via":[113],"underlying":[115],"Si":[116],"substrate.":[117],"In":[118,163],"contrast":[119],"lateral":[121],"transistors":[126],"show":[127,157],"decreasing":[128],"conductance":[129],"at":[130],"low":[131],"temperatures,":[132],"which":[133,201],"explained":[135],"dependence":[139],"tunneling":[141],"field-emission":[143],"currents.":[144],"thinner":[146],"crystals":[148,156],"are":[149],"dominated":[150],"Fowler-Nordheim":[152],"tunneling,":[153],"thicker":[154],"increasing":[158],"contribution":[159],"from":[160],"thermionic":[161],"emission.":[162],"addition,":[164],"graphene/InSe":[166],"barrier":[167],"height":[168],"modulated":[171],"gate":[174],"potential,":[175],"resulting":[176],"current":[181],"switching":[182],"ratios":[183],"up":[184],"104.":[186],"Overall,":[187],"study":[189],"provides":[190],"fundamental":[191],"insight":[192],"into":[193],"will":[202],"inform":[203],"ongoing":[204],"efforts":[205],"realize":[207],"ultrathin":[208],"device":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
