{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996249643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","title":"A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants","display_name":"A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996249643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","mag":"2996249643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31953392","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6969055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14156-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14156-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087932701","display_name":"Stephen Burgess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134973","display_name":"MRC Biostatistics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/046vje122","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210134973","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Burgess","raw_affiliation_strings":["BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk","MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk","BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044626025","display_name":"Christopher N. Foley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-2610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-2610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134973","display_name":"MRC Biostatistics Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/046vje122","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210134973","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher N Foley","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020822922","display_name":"Elias Allara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-8330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-8330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34931013","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34931013"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Allara","raw_affiliation_strings":["BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-8330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I34931013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090122535","display_name":"James R Staley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9520-5011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9520-5011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155195","display_name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/030qtrs05","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R Staley","raw_affiliation_strings":["BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4387155195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108167562","display_name":"Joanna M. M. Howson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425352","display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05m8dr349","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I34931013","https://openalex.org/I4389425352"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna M. M. Howson","raw_affiliation_strings":["BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK","Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building - Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4389425352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building - Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087932701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210134973"],"apc_list":{"value":5380,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5380},"apc_paid":{"value":5380,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5380},"fwci":29.5542,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":693,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99890394,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"376","last_page":"376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13354","display_name":"Genetics and Physical Performance","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-randomization","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-estimation","display_name":"robust estimation","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-aggregation","display_name":"platelet aggregation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-cell-traits","display_name":"blood cell traits","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-lowering-mechanism","display_name":"lipid-lowering mechanism","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.9194245338439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4904451072216034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4887716472148895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175783326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185055","display_name":"Mendelian inheritance","level":3,"score":0.4633643329143524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4185595214366913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40522369742393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.35322248935699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20447108149528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.1442970335483551}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008076","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, HDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008076","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, HDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017720","descriptor_name":"Molecular Epidemiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056726","descriptor_name":"Genetic Association Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058685","descriptor_name":"Genetic Pleiotropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":14,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14156-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/566851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/566851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/566851","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/03/04/566851.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:31953392","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31953392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature communications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6969055","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6969055/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Commun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/a52061f7-57ae-4c40-a505-e4d22ce57d10","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a52061f7-57ae-4c40-a505-e4d22ce57d10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Burgess, S, Foley, C N, Allara, E, Staley, J R & Howson, J M M 2020, 'A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants', Nature Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 376. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-14156-4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14156-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b3e7a8a51344b1da7781222b0565426","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b3e7a8a51344b1da7781222b0565426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74ff71ea549c46d682697de209ffda29","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74ff71ea549c46d682697de209ffda29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/300168","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/300168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/302382","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/302382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"nlmid: 101528555","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/316316","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/316316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.47239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.47239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.47239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.49454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.49454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.49454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.63425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.63425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.63425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14156-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G10155507","display_name":"Genetics and causality: towards more accessible and more reliable Mendelian randomization investigations","funder_award_id":"204623/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1671907826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG/13/13/30194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1756250062","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NF-SI-0617-10113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1953244154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/L003120/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2424152919","display_name":"Large-scale integrative genomic studies of high-dimensional traits in cardiovascular diseases (renewal)","funder_award_id":"RG/18/13/33946","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3240403866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"204623/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3725869576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BHF) (RG/13/13/30194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3986547339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/L003120/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336709","funder_display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4897140007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wellcome) (204623/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7399663621","display_name":"Genetics and causality: towards more accessible and more reliable Mendelian randomization investigations","funder_award_id":"204623","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7595091512","display_name":"Large-scale integrative studies of risk factors in coronary heart disease: from discovery to application (renewal). (Joint funding with MRC)","funder_award_id":"RG/13/13/30194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762219591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG/13/13/30194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7939076303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/L003120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8131818847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG/13/13/30194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G85616738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC UU 00002/7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G908762537","display_name":"Large-scale integrative studies of risk factors in coronary heart disease: from discovery to application","funder_award_id":"MR/L003120/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319994","display_name":"Department of Health and Social Care","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbpja79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336709","display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05m8dr349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996249643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996249643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902575419","https://openalex.org/W1905058580","https://openalex.org/W1969235931","https://openalex.org/W1970049038","https://openalex.org/W1972696558","https://openalex.org/W1991587639","https://openalex.org/W2017862514","https://openalex.org/W2039153962","https://openalex.org/W2071135141","https://openalex.org/W2073836327","https://openalex.org/W2099697702","https://openalex.org/W2102011776","https://openalex.org/W2103340465","https://openalex.org/W2106036991","https://openalex.org/W2113699335","https://openalex.org/W2118743532","https://openalex.org/W2127767012","https://openalex.org/W2129465958","https://openalex.org/W2130340923","https://openalex.org/W2133454964","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2151355802","https://openalex.org/W2153118028","https://openalex.org/W2169283889","https://openalex.org/W2170521505","https://openalex.org/W2198755677","https://openalex.org/W2238851414","https://openalex.org/W2280070832","https://openalex.org/W2324862792","https://openalex.org/W2325761966","https://openalex.org/W2338399764","https://openalex.org/W2398690791","https://openalex.org/W2520048741","https://openalex.org/W2550031966","https://openalex.org/W2581245397","https://openalex.org/W2609016849","https://openalex.org/W2613603864","https://openalex.org/W2616536890","https://openalex.org/W2735339162","https://openalex.org/W2762777606","https://openalex.org/W2803072880","https://openalex.org/W2805801533","https://openalex.org/W2884028796","https://openalex.org/W2896958236","https://openalex.org/W2900183310","https://openalex.org/W2913914265","https://openalex.org/W2914566167","https://openalex.org/W2949386030","https://openalex.org/W2953121869","https://openalex.org/W2953970053","https://openalex.org/W2963928335","https://openalex.org/W2972034306","https://openalex.org/W3122451188","https://openalex.org/W3126704164","https://openalex.org/W3158565818","https://openalex.org/W4210703904","https://openalex.org/W4230866720","https://openalex.org/W4394501831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920385266","https://openalex.org/W3014191903","https://openalex.org/W2435453484","https://openalex.org/W2995565171","https://openalex.org/W7126299068","https://openalex.org/W4394006108","https://openalex.org/W7099728267","https://openalex.org/W4412391831","https://openalex.org/W2606527819","https://openalex.org/W2324862792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mendelian":[0],"randomization":[1],"(MR)":[2],"is":[3],"an":[4],"epidemiological":[5],"technique":[6],"that":[7,124],"uses":[8],"genetic":[9,31,55],"variants":[10,32,56,109],"to":[11,88],"distinguish":[12],"correlation":[13],"from":[14],"causation":[15],"in":[16,81],"observational":[17],"data.":[18],"The":[19,105],"reliability":[20],"of":[21,29,54,84,102,129],"a":[22,43,100,137],"MR":[23,46,77],"investigation":[24],"depends":[25],"on":[26],"the":[27,30,39,68,72,82,94,126],"validity":[28],"as":[33],"instrumental":[34],"variables":[35],"(IVs).":[36],"We":[37],"develop":[38],"contamination":[40],"mixture":[41],"method,":[42],"method":[44,106],"for":[45],"with":[47,57,111,131],"two":[48],"modalities.":[49],"First,":[50],"it":[51,75,92],"identifies":[52,107],"groups":[53],"similar":[58],"causal":[59],"estimates,":[60],"which":[61,67],"may":[62],"represent":[63],"distinct":[64],"mechanisms":[65],"by":[66],"risk":[69,123,146],"factor":[70],"influences":[71],"outcome.":[73],"Second,":[74],"performs":[76],"robustly":[78],"and":[79,118,142],"efficiently":[80],"presence":[83],"invalid":[85],"IVs.":[86],"Compared":[87],"other":[89],"robust":[90],"methods,":[91],"has":[93],"lowest":[95],"mean":[96],"squared":[97],"error":[98],"across":[99],"range":[101],"realistic":[103],"scenarios.":[104],"11":[108],"associated":[110],"increased":[112],"high-density":[113],"lipoprotein-cholesterol,":[114],"decreased":[115,119],"triglyceride":[116],"levels,":[117],"coronary":[120,143],"heart":[121,144],"disease":[122,145],"have":[125],"same":[127],"directions":[128],"associations":[130],"various":[132],"blood":[133],"cell":[134],"traits,":[135],"suggesting":[136],"shared":[138],"mechanism":[139],"linking":[140],"lipids":[141],"mediated":[147],"via":[148],"platelet":[149],"aggregation.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":158},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":200},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
