{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996129488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1003","title":"Scour-Induced Failure of Masonry Arch Bridges: Causes and Countermeasures","display_name":"Scour-Induced Failure of Masonry Arch Bridges: Causes and Countermeasures","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996129488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1003","mag":"2996129488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3850/38wc092019-1003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651409","display_name":"Proceedings of the IAHR World Congress","issn_l":"2521-7119","issn":["2521-7119","2521-716X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"38th IAHR World Congress - \"Water: Connecting the World\"","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/fe559cdb-adfd-4e44-9bd4-daedfecb9854","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004331828","display_name":"Brian Solan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-0991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-0991"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BRIAN SOLAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031753278","display_name":"Alireza Nowroozpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-3255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-3255"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALIREZA NOWROOZPOUR","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025014422","display_name":"Paul E. Clopper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PAUL CLOPPER","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037356718","display_name":"Claire Watters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CLAIRE WATTERS","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058556392","display_name":"Robert Ettema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3956-1695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3956-1695"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ROBERT ETTEMA","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95527778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":null,"first_page":"5998","last_page":"6007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.49410000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.49410000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.4625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12293","display_name":"Dam Engineering and Safety","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scour","display_name":"scour","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masonry-arch-bridges","display_name":"masonry arch bridges","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-failure","display_name":"bridge failure","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choked-flow","display_name":"choked flow","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abutment-scour","display_name":"abutment scour","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pier-scour","display_name":"pier scour","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wing-walls","display_name":"wing walls","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scour-mitigation","display_name":"scour mitigation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercritical-flow","display_name":"supercritical flow","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historic-bridges","display_name":"historic bridges","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed-urbanization","display_name":"watershed urbanization","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flume-experiments","display_name":"flume experiments","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11312509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12277","display_name":"Arch","level":2,"score":0.6833086609840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535899295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272999","display_name":"Masonry","level":2,"score":0.5743287801742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43315350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4966469","display_name":"Bridge scour","level":3,"score":0.5288190245628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5277363061904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5073575377464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.41268688440322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3950154185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.38620808720588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3790757656097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157892014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335297","display_name":"Pier","level":2,"score":0.23259806632995605}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3850/38wc092019-1003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651409","display_name":"Proceedings of the IAHR World Congress","issn_l":"2521-7119","issn":["2521-7119","2521-716X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"38th IAHR World Congress - \"Water: Connecting the World\"","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/fe559cdb-adfd-4e44-9bd4-daedfecb9854","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/fe559cdb-adfd-4e44-9bd4-daedfecb9854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solan, B, NOWROOZPOUR, ALIREZA, Clopper, P, Watters, C & Ettema, R 2019, SCOUR-INDUCED FAILURE OF MASONRY ARCH BRIDGES: CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES. in E-proceedings of the 38th IAHR World Congress.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/fe559cdb-adfd-4e44-9bd4-daedfecb9854","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/fe559cdb-adfd-4e44-9bd4-daedfecb9854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solan, B, NOWROOZPOUR, ALIREZA, Clopper, P, Watters, C & Ettema, R 2019, SCOUR-INDUCED FAILURE OF MASONRY ARCH BRIDGES: CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES. in E-proceedings of the 38th IAHR World Congress.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320859","display_name":"Ulster University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2985310320","https://openalex.org/W2611297758","https://openalex.org/W3154224118","https://openalex.org/W4403279384","https://openalex.org/W7135674488","https://openalex.org/W4405206158","https://openalex.org/W2800886919","https://openalex.org/W2772677950","https://openalex.org/W3126440631","https://openalex.org/W4415458438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"how":[3],"flow":[4,77,82,96,156,183,231],"conditions":[5],"and":[6,34,117,150,169,177,216,237,250],"consequent":[7],"scour":[8,172,189],"of":[9,15,87,102,123,129,147,155,160,195,207,229,247,253],"channel":[10,119,191],"bed":[11,120,192],"induces":[12],"the":[13,32,85,88,118,124,127,165,174,179,185,190,214,227,245,248,251],"failure":[14,40,205],"short-span,":[16],"masonry":[17,103,220],"arch":[18,89,104,221],"bridges":[19,27,44,63,105,209],"over":[20],"small":[21],"to":[22,54,109,163],"medium":[23],"sized":[24],"rivers.":[25],"Such":[26],"are":[28,46,52,106,201],"common":[29],"in":[30,213],"Ireland,":[31],"U.K.":[33,215],"Europe.":[35],"A":[36,56],"factor":[37,59],"frequently":[38],"complicating":[39],"is":[41,60,242],"that":[42,99,218],"such":[43],"typically":[45],"deemed":[47],"historic":[48],"structures":[49,222,249],"and,":[50],"therefore,":[51],"expensive":[53],"repair.":[55],"significant":[57],"hydraulic-engineering":[58],"that,":[61],"these":[62,208],"readily":[64],"choke":[65],"approaching":[66],"flows,":[67],"especially":[68],"under":[69],"large":[70],"return":[71],"period":[72],"flooding":[73],"conditions.":[74],"The":[75,158,203,240],"bridge":[76,125,134,186,255],"area":[78],"quickly":[79],"decreases":[80],"once":[81],"stage":[83],"reaches":[84],"crown":[86],"barrel.":[90],"Flume":[91],"experiments,":[92],"undertaken":[93],"with":[94,234],"choked":[95],"condition,":[97],"showed":[98],"three":[100],"locations":[101],"particularly":[107],"prone":[108],"scour-induced":[110],"erosion:":[111],"piers":[112,170],"(multi-span":[113],"only),":[114],"abutment":[115],"corners":[116],"immediately":[121,193],"downstream":[122,194],"(in":[126],"case":[128],"a":[130,196],"paved":[131],"or":[132],"protected":[133],"inverts).":[135],"Scour":[136],"can":[137],"be":[138,224],"reduced":[139],"only":[140],"modestly":[141],"by":[142,145,226,244],"streamlining":[143],"abutments":[144,168],"means":[146],"wing":[148],"walls,":[149],"cutwaters":[151],"on":[152],"piers,":[153],"because":[154],"choking.":[157],"use":[159],"stone":[161],"pitching":[162],"armour":[164],"riverbed":[166],"around":[167],"prevents":[171],"at":[173],"front":[175],"of,":[176],"beneath,":[178],"bridge.":[180,197],"However,":[181],"supercritical":[182],"through":[184],"opening":[187],"may":[188],"Alternative":[198],"scour-mitigation":[199],"measures":[200],"suggested.":[202],"increased":[204],"incidence":[206],"has":[210],"raised":[211],"concerns":[212],"Ireland":[217],"many":[219],"will":[223],"imperilled":[225],"effects":[228],"greater":[230],"rates":[232],"associated":[233],"climate":[235],"change":[236],"watershed":[238],"urbanization.":[239],"situation":[241],"complicated":[243],"age":[246],"lack":[252],"accurate":[254],"records.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}