{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995967940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","title":"Pilot Studies and Cost Analysis of Hybrid Powdered Activated Carbon/Ceramic Microfiltration for Controlling Pharmaceutical Compounds and Organic Matter in Water Reclamation","display_name":"Pilot Studies and Cost Analysis of Hybrid Powdered Activated Carbon/Ceramic Microfiltration for Controlling Pharmaceutical Compounds and Organic Matter in Water Reclamation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995967940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","mag":"2995967940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w12010033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/33/pdf?version=1577241370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/33/pdf?version=1577241370","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008665906","display_name":"R.M. C. Viegas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui M. C. Viegas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012842820","display_name":"E. Mesquita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elsa Mesquita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001765517","display_name":"Margarida Campinas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-2393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-2393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margarida Campinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021921743","display_name":"Maria Jo\u00e3o Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-366X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-366X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66947310","display_name":"National Laboratory for Civil Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvw9g02","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jo\u00e3o Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC\u2014National Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008665906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66947310"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1621},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1621},"fwci":1.6573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81478228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.11540000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-compounds","display_name":"pharmaceutical compounds","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effluent-organic-matter","display_name":"effluent organic matter","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powdered-activated-carbon","display_name":"powdered activated carbon","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceramic-microfiltration","display_name":"ceramic microfiltration","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-reuse","display_name":"water reuse","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-fouling","display_name":"membrane fouling","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibuprofen","display_name":"ibuprofen","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbamazepine","display_name":"carbamazepine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfamethoxazole","display_name":"sulfamethoxazole","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atenolol","display_name":"atenolol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-organic-carbon-removal","display_name":"dissolved organic carbon removal","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-removal","display_name":"color removal","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-analysis","display_name":"cost analysis","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-effluent","display_name":"secondary effluent","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-contaminants","display_name":"emerging contaminants","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48314217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753040","display_name":"Microfiltration","level":3,"score":0.7840923070907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147455438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057706","display_name":"Effluent","level":2,"score":0.6708500385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88536862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236022","display_name":"Powdered activated carbon treatment","level":4,"score":0.6117895245552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779647737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190878","display_name":"Activated carbon","level":3,"score":0.55023592710495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5068989396095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48743137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Organic matter","level":2,"score":0.4943366050720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.4888247847557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.4872118830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36574619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449096","display_name":"Dissolved organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.4594268798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.45525655150413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128489963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187724","display_name":"Filtration (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4135657548904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3781304955482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.353748619556427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3419978618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.32352182269096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.27336880564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.26195013523101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0836564302444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/w12010033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/33/pdf?version=1577241370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lnec.pt:123456789/1012419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.lnec.pt:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1012419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051320","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio Cientifico do LNEC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w12010033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/33/pdf?version=1577241370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8441870896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"265122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338373","funder_display_name":"FP7 Environment"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338373","display_name":"FP7 Environment","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995967940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995967940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984796824","https://openalex.org/W2018122539","https://openalex.org/W2024007970","https://openalex.org/W2055799563","https://openalex.org/W2076122511","https://openalex.org/W2087812044","https://openalex.org/W2105092873","https://openalex.org/W2142815439","https://openalex.org/W2150251725","https://openalex.org/W2269224819","https://openalex.org/W2379692161","https://openalex.org/W2511460404","https://openalex.org/W2527966797","https://openalex.org/W2793177460","https://openalex.org/W2883970300","https://openalex.org/W2900684995","https://openalex.org/W2903968789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223167659","https://openalex.org/W1498061998","https://openalex.org/W3124891850","https://openalex.org/W3044035789","https://openalex.org/W2311556352","https://openalex.org/W2315646804","https://openalex.org/W1975183377","https://openalex.org/W2588846675","https://openalex.org/W7156010216","https://openalex.org/W2094433893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,111,131],"enhanced":[4],"removal":[5,82],"of":[6,12,14,89,130,146],"pharmaceutical":[7],"compounds":[8],"(PhCs),":[9],"a":[10,68],"family":[11],"contaminants":[13],"emerging":[15],"concern,":[16],"and":[17,43,60,77,91,100,126,152,163],"effluent":[18,59],"organic":[19,102],"matter":[20],"(EfOM)":[21],"in":[22,134],"water":[23],"reclamation":[24],"by":[25],"powdered":[26],"activated":[27],"carbon/coagulation/ceramic":[28],"microfiltration":[29],"(PAC/cMF).":[30],"Four":[31],"chemically":[32],"diverse":[33],"PhCs":[34],"are":[35],"targeted:":[36],"ibuprofen":[37],"(IBP),":[38],"carbamazepine":[39],"(CBZ),":[40],"sulfamethoxazole":[41],"(SMX)":[42],"atenolol":[44],"(ATN).":[45],"Pilot":[46],"assays":[47],"(100":[48],"L/(m2":[49],"h),":[50],"10":[51],"mg":[52],"Fe/L)":[53],"run":[54],"with":[55,83,110],"PhC-spiked":[56],"sand-filtered":[57],"secondary":[58],"15":[61],"mg/L":[62],"PAC":[63,84],"dosed":[64],"in-line":[65],"or":[66],"to":[67,79,116,142,159],"15-min":[69],"contactor.":[70],"They":[71],"showed":[72],"no":[73],"PAC-driven":[74],"membrane":[75,155],"fouling":[76],"+15":[78],"+18%":[80],"added":[81],"contactor,":[85],"reaching":[86],"significant":[87],"removals":[88],"CBZ":[90],"ATN":[92],"(59%\u201360%),":[93],"SMX":[94],"(50%),":[95],"colour":[96],"(48%),":[97],"A254":[98],"(35%)":[99],"dissolved":[101],"carbon":[103],"(DOC,":[104],"28%).":[105],"Earlier":[106],"long-term":[107],"demo":[108],"tests":[109],"same":[112],"pilot":[113],"proved":[114],"PAC/cMF":[115],"consistently":[117],"produce":[118],"highly":[119],"clarified":[120],"(monthly":[121],"median":[122],"<":[123],"0.1":[124],"NTU)":[125],"bacteria-free":[127],"water,":[128],"regardless":[129],"severe":[132],"variations":[133],"its":[135],"intake.":[136],"A":[137],"detailed":[138],"cost":[139],"analysis":[140],"points":[141],"total":[143],"production":[144],"costs":[145],"0.21":[147],"\u20ac/m3":[148],"for":[149],"50,000":[150],"m3/day":[151],"20":[153],"years":[154],"lifespan,":[156],"mainly":[157],"associated":[158],"equipment/membranes":[160],"replacement,":[161],"capital":[162],"reagents.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
