{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995961377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","title":"The study of grit in engineering education research: a systematic literature review","display_name":"The study of grit in engineering education research: a systematic literature review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995961377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","mag":"2995961377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63018980","display_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education","issn_l":"0304-3797","issn":["0304-3797","1469-5898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009363562","display_name":"In\u00eas Direito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-9105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-9105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"In\u00eas Direito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Engineering Education, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-9105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Engineering Education, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086533791","display_name":"Shannon Massie Chance","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-7488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-7488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shannon Chance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Engineering Education, University College London, London, UK","School of Multidisciplinary Technologies, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-7488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Engineering Education, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Multidisciplinary Technologies, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022716642","display_name":"Manish Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-6357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-6357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-6357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009363562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52743363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"2","first_page":"161","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13682","display_name":"Engineering Education and Pedagogy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grit","display_name":"grit","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perseverance","display_name":"perseverance","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passion-for-long-term-goals","display_name":"passion for long-term goals","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-cognitive-factors","display_name":"non-intellectual factors","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-retention","display_name":"student retention","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-students","display_name":"engineering students","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162451180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4453370","display_name":"Grit","level":2,"score":0.9855750203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5993470549583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.5949891209602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.549098551273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45085257291793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42803728580474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.41864538192749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3575022518634796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3439229428768158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32795897126197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24068570137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.14431646466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14016658067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10844308137893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63018980","display_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education","issn_l":"0304-3797","issn":["0304-3797","1469-5898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:engscheleart2-1252","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/engscheleart2/225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10090076","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10090076/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education (2019) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03043797.2019.1688256?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63018980","display_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education","issn_l":"0304-3797","issn":["0304-3797","1469-5898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4579897725","display_name":"Designing Engineers: Harnessing the Power of Design Projects to Spur Cognitive and Epistemological Development of STEM Students","funder_award_id":"747069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995961377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995961377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57663104","https://openalex.org/W762011975","https://openalex.org/W900497699","https://openalex.org/W1534915680","https://openalex.org/W1562463929","https://openalex.org/W1600464274","https://openalex.org/W1853636458","https://openalex.org/W1977004334","https://openalex.org/W1990400475","https://openalex.org/W1991638301","https://openalex.org/W2006274243","https://openalex.org/W2008613240","https://openalex.org/W2011277166","https://openalex.org/W2035636774","https://openalex.org/W2044665411","https://openalex.org/W2050399559","https://openalex.org/W2057728939","https://openalex.org/W2065967195","https://openalex.org/W2076452323","https://openalex.org/W2085142255","https://openalex.org/W2093761921","https://openalex.org/W2107522626","https://openalex.org/W2108073714","https://openalex.org/W2117535423","https://openalex.org/W2125848860","https://openalex.org/W2153727825","https://openalex.org/W2154029491","https://openalex.org/W2182220048","https://openalex.org/W2207358785","https://openalex.org/W2276621897","https://openalex.org/W2410071356","https://openalex.org/W2436336594","https://openalex.org/W2469491144","https://openalex.org/W2487824393","https://openalex.org/W2510618941","https://openalex.org/W2558956475","https://openalex.org/W2564947090","https://openalex.org/W2573961264","https://openalex.org/W2585780990","https://openalex.org/W2595094687","https://openalex.org/W2595807108","https://openalex.org/W2600240857","https://openalex.org/W2601536126","https://openalex.org/W2602696366","https://openalex.org/W2604149216","https://openalex.org/W2606381008","https://openalex.org/W2606428725","https://openalex.org/W2726803667","https://openalex.org/W2739098987","https://openalex.org/W2750620517","https://openalex.org/W2762695075","https://openalex.org/W2766207584","https://openalex.org/W2766372842","https://openalex.org/W2774507776","https://openalex.org/W2789479883","https://openalex.org/W2809565708","https://openalex.org/W2890045690","https://openalex.org/W2890438607","https://openalex.org/W2891826079","https://openalex.org/W2896746892","https://openalex.org/W2920582597","https://openalex.org/W2948388088","https://openalex.org/W4200449005","https://openalex.org/W4213329890","https://openalex.org/W4249187927","https://openalex.org/W4253314500","https://openalex.org/W4253728221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312979319","https://openalex.org/W2774507776","https://openalex.org/W2182220048","https://openalex.org/W7216927180","https://openalex.org/W2558956475","https://openalex.org/W3099202544","https://openalex.org/W6930731854","https://openalex.org/W4410987707","https://openalex.org/W2887972570","https://openalex.org/W2890045690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,17,56,74],"the":[2,24,69,117,131,147,163],"role":[3],"of":[4,39,68,72,90,99,107,116,130,134,149,162,165],"grit":[5,75,125,150,166],"\u2013":[6,16],"defined":[7],"as":[8],"both":[9,146],"perseverance":[10],"and":[11,76,112,126,151,175],"passion":[12],"for":[13,23,50,178],"long-term":[14],"goals":[15],"human":[18],"performance":[19],"has":[20,28],"been":[21,29,156],"conducted":[22],"past":[25],"decade.":[26],"It":[27],"suggested":[30],"that":[31,141],"this":[32,57],"non-cognitive":[33],"factor":[34],"is":[35],"a":[36,65,96],"better":[37],"predictor":[38],"students\u2019":[40],"retention":[41],"than":[42],"traditional":[43],"academic":[44],"measures.":[45],"These":[46],"findings":[47,139],"hold":[48],"relevance":[49],"engineering":[51,80,94,143,168],"education":[52,82,144],"research":[53,73,110,152,173],"but":[54],"studies":[55,119],"area":[58],"are":[59,140,180],"still":[60],"scarce.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"provides":[64],"systematic":[66],"review":[67],"current":[70],"state":[71],"its":[77],"correlates":[78],"in":[79,142,167],"higher":[81],"research.":[83],"Publications":[84],"were":[85],"identified":[86],"using":[87],"three":[88],"types":[89],"databases":[91],"specific":[92],"to":[93,123],"education;":[95],"final":[97],"set":[98],"31":[100],"relevant":[101],"records":[102],"was":[103],"analysed":[104],"by":[105],"type":[106],"population,":[108],"methods,":[109],"topics":[111],"main":[113],"results.":[114],"Most":[115],"reviewed":[118],"implemented":[120],"quantitative":[121],"methodologies":[122],"assess":[124],"also":[127],"used":[128],"one":[129],"two":[132],"versions":[133],"Duckworth\u2019s":[135],"Grit":[136],"scale.":[137],"Key":[138],"research,":[145],"conceptualisation":[148],"reporting":[153,179],"procedures":[154],"have":[155],"inconsistent.":[157],"Such":[158],"inconsistency":[159],"hinders":[160],"interpretation":[161],"impact":[164],"education.":[169],"In":[170],"response,":[171],"new":[172],"avenues":[174],"best":[176],"practices":[177],"proffered.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}