{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995942923","doi":null,"title":"Screening for Depression using the PHQ-9 questionnaire: a study for Tunisian individuals consulting in the primary health care centers.","display_name":"Screening for Depression using the PHQ-9 questionnaire: a study for Tunisian individuals consulting in the primary health care centers.","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995942923","mag":"2995942923","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29492933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:29492933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29492933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Tunisie medicale","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113890024","display_name":"Rabaa Jomli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-5112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-5112"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabaa Zaibi Jomli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049449527","display_name":"Uta Ouali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-2110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-2110"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uta Ouali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032046251","display_name":"Yosra Zgueb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1014-713X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1014-713X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yosra Zgueb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112742177","display_name":"Malek Smida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-9203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-9203"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malek Smida","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040193095","display_name":"O. Zouari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olfa Zouari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049644366","display_name":"Fethi Nacef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fethi Nacef","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3730169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"4","first_page":"280","last_page":"285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phq-9","display_name":"PHQ-9","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-episode","display_name":"major depressive episode","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-comorbidities","display_name":"chronic comorbidities","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-disturbance","display_name":"sleep disorders","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicidal-ideation","display_name":"suicidal ideation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underdiagnosis","display_name":"underdiagnosis","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunisian-population","display_name":"Tunisian population","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778529449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778909","display_name":"Patient Health Questionnaire","level":4,"score":0.7987660765647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7864490747451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7490513324737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776641880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944142","display_name":"Suicidal ideation","level":4,"score":0.7353887557983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6738337","display_name":"Major depressive episode","level":3,"score":0.5095899105072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5087400078773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5024464130401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.48895156383514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25110094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6864973","display_name":"Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview","level":3,"score":0.4749160706996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4684871435165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.44305747747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4376378357410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.2709544897079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.2301311492919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2278127372264862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.21347865462303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1829984486103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.13837873935699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.12165749073028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.06723201274871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073222","descriptor_name":"Patient Health Questionnaire","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014416","descriptor_name":"Tunisia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:29492933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29492933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Tunisie medicale","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2995942923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29492933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044400164","https://openalex.org/W2183938816","https://openalex.org/W2624930811","https://openalex.org/W4388725512","https://openalex.org/W79293048","https://openalex.org/W2235632194","https://openalex.org/W47038141","https://openalex.org/W2465808517","https://openalex.org/W1989280147","https://openalex.org/W2795859652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Depression":[1,102,271],"is":[2,16],"considered":[3],"a":[4,67,90,255,276],"global":[5],"public":[6],"health":[7,35,50],"problem":[8],"especially":[9,219],"in":[10,33,48,58,81,171,184,272],"the":[11,17,25,29,39,106,115,135,137,172,251],"developed":[12],"countries,":[13],"where":[14],"depression":[15,32,45],"leading":[18],"cause":[19],"of":[20,31,41,73,92,139,161,166,175,253],"morbidity.":[21],"OBJECTIVES:":[22],"To":[23,52],"determine":[24],"point":[26],"prevalence":[27,138,165],"and":[28,46,69,191,235,279],"severity":[30],"primary":[34,49,83,273],"care,":[36],"to":[37,98,124,134],"define":[38],"profile":[40],"patients":[42,75,196],"suffering":[43],"from":[44,96,122],"consulting":[47,80],"care.":[51],"identify":[53],"risk":[54,252,260],"factors":[55],"for":[56,204,263],"depression,":[57],"particular":[59],"chronic":[60,214,248,268,284],"co-morbid":[61],"conditions.":[62,269],"METHODS:":[63],"Our":[64],"study":[65,72],"was":[66,103,118,144,148,169,209,261],"descriptive":[68],"analytical":[70],"cross-sectional":[71],"1000":[74],"aged":[76],"over":[77],"18":[78,123],"years":[79,120],"ten":[82],"care":[84,274],"structures.":[85],"It":[86,147],"took":[87],"place":[88],"during":[89],"period":[91],"six":[93],"successive":[94],"days":[95],"8":[97],"13":[99],"April":[100],"2012.":[101],"assessed":[104],"by":[105,257],"9-item-Patient":[107],"Health":[108],"Questionnaire":[109],"(PHQ-9).":[110],"RESULTS:":[111],"In":[112],"our":[113,185],"sample,":[114],"average":[116],"age":[117,173],"42,4":[119],"ranging":[121],"89":[125],"years.":[126,177],"Females":[127],"were":[128,187,201],"predominant":[129],"with":[130,154,157,197,212,283],"66,6":[131],"%.":[132,146],"According":[133],"PHQ-9,":[136],"major":[140],"depressive":[141,207],"episode":[142],"(MDE)":[143],"12,1":[145],"higher":[149],"among":[150],"women":[151],"(13,5%)":[152],"compared":[153],"men":[155],"(9,3%)":[156],"an":[158],"odds":[159],"ratio":[160],"1,5.":[162],"The":[163,178],"highest":[164],"MDE":[167,256],"(19%)":[168],"noted":[170],"group":[174],"45-54":[176],"most":[179],"prevalent":[180],"clinical":[181],"signs":[182],"found":[183],"population":[186],"sleep":[188],"disorders":[189,285],"(29,7%)":[190],"suicidal":[192],"ideation":[193],"(28,4%).":[194],"Among":[195],"MDE,":[198],"only":[199],"10%":[200],"followed":[202],"up":[203],"depression.":[205],"Major":[206],"disorder":[208],"significantly":[210],"associated":[211],"comorbid":[213,247,267],"diseases":[215,228,237],"(p":[216,221,229,238],"<":[217],"0,001),":[218],"diabetes":[220],"=":[222,225,230,233,239,243],"0,043,":[223],"OR":[224,232,242],"2,1),":[226],"musculoskeletal":[227],"0,028,":[231],"2,1)":[234],"pulmonary":[236],"0,001":[240],",":[241],"5,5).":[244],"Having":[245],"one":[246],"condition":[249],"multiplied":[250],"having":[254],"2,2.":[258],"This":[259],"3,2":[262],"two":[264],"or":[265],"more":[266],"CONCLUSION:":[270],"remains":[275],"largely":[277],"underdiagnosed":[278],"undertreated":[280],"condition.":[281],"Patients":[282],"are":[286],"particularly":[287],"vulnerable.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}