{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995814","doi":null,"title":"Cultural Factors Affecting Chinese ESL Students' Academic Learning.","display_name":"Cultural Factors Affecting Chinese ESL Students' Academic Learning.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995814","mag":"2995814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2995814","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ871615","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044277116","display_name":"Jinyan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-6580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-6580"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-6580","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037447313","display_name":"Kathleen J. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-9939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-9939"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen J. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-9939","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3142,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97635723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"129","issue":"4","first_page":"643","last_page":"653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.9009000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.9009000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.0786999985575676,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-international-students","display_name":"Chinese international students","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-second-language","display_name":"English as a second language","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-learning","display_name":"academic learning","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-differences","display_name":"cultural differences","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercultural-learning","display_name":"intercultural learning","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-skills","display_name":"study skills","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-habits","display_name":"study habits","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-self-efficacy","display_name":"social self-efficacy","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-abroad","display_name":"study abroad","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-students","display_name":"graduate students","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-american-universities","display_name":"North American universities","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-styles","display_name":"learning styles","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-styles","display_name":"communication styles","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-expression","display_name":"self-expression","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-hardship","display_name":"financial hardship","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-proficiency","display_name":"English proficiency","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-adaptation-acculturation","display_name":"cross-cultural adaptation (acculturation)","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acculturation","display_name":"acculturation","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5583462715148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47407856583595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.46305322647094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4576796889305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.4329304099082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4154728949069977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3828093409538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3805467188358307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.33773598074913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24719169735908508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14466893672943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2995814","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ871615","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G575959860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM-33943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7201958616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM-20069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7900583810","display_name":"DNA CONTROLLING THE SYNTHESIS OF HUMAN HEMOGLOBINS F &A","funder_award_id":"5r01am020120-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W25091459","https://openalex.org/W2183374518","https://openalex.org/W81363244","https://openalex.org/W2231658512","https://openalex.org/W30443404","https://openalex.org/W25878000","https://openalex.org/W2277284311","https://openalex.org/W2771922629","https://openalex.org/W1518749525","https://openalex.org/W839785326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"English-as-a-second-language":[1],"(ESL)":[2],"students":[3,129,136,150,173,194,232,247,265,397],"have":[4,16,212,266,426,475,510],"several":[5],"challenges":[6,20,268],"in":[7,122,217,224,269,309,315,480,484,494,506],"their":[8,29,36,44,48,52,56,110,214,270,316,372],"academic":[9,45,113,228,271,345,373,400],"studies":[10,94,272],"at":[11,152,176,206,233,273,347,375],"North":[12,33,101,119,153,177,207,225,234,274,334,348,376,385],"American":[13,34,102,120,154,178,208,235,275,349,377,386],"universities.":[14,378],"Studies":[15],"shown":[17],"that":[18,124,263],"these":[19],"come":[21],"from":[22,58,137,197,249,305,330],"different":[23,252,306,310,329],"sources:":[24],"students'":[25,112,344,360,408],"inadequate":[26],"English":[27],"proficiency;":[28],"unfamiliarity":[30],"with":[31,395,415],"the":[32,138,144,171,186,198,331,431,442,500,523,536],"culture;":[35],"lack":[37],"of":[38,109,141,148,163,170,201,230,333,338,447,499,538],"appropriate":[39],"study":[40],"skills":[41],"or":[42],"strategies;":[43],"learning":[46,114,229,317,346,374,401],"anxiety;":[47],"low":[49],"social":[50],"self-efficacy;":[51],"financial":[53],"difficulties;":[54],"and":[55,60,203,243,255,312,320,362,388,419,424,449,461,466,472,482,525,546],"separation":[57],"family":[59],"friends":[61],"(Althen,":[62],"1999;":[63,76],"Arthur,":[64],"1997;":[65,299],"Berman":[66],"&":[67,72,78,82,86,286,293,297],"Cheng,":[68,294],"2001;":[69,88],"Bontrager,":[70],"Birch,":[71],"Kracht,":[73],"1990;":[74],"Chen,":[75,298],"Deressa":[77],"Beaver,":[79],"1988;":[80],"Ferris":[81],"Tagg,":[83],"1996;":[84],"Leung":[85],"Berry,":[87],"Owie,":[89],"1982;":[90],"Trice,":[91],"2001).":[92,166,487],"These":[93],"provide":[95],"important":[96,238],"information":[97],"not":[98],"only":[99],"for":[100,118,127,158,240,384,522],"professors,":[103],"who":[104,195],"need":[105],"to":[106,191,220,261,398,456,542],"be":[107,133,492],"aware":[108],"ESL":[111,128,149],"difficulties,":[115],"but":[116],"also":[117,491],"universities,":[121],"order":[123],"supporting":[125],"services":[126],"on":[130,430,441,513],"campus":[131],"can":[132,490],"improved.":[134],"Chinese":[188,192],"People's":[139,199],"Republic":[140,200],"China":[142,202,218,411],"are":[143,180,196,248,529],"largest":[145],"single":[146],"group":[147],"studying":[151,175,205],"universities":[155,179,236,276,350],"(Canadian":[156],"Bureau":[157],"International":[159,164],"Education,":[160,165],"2002;":[161],"Institute":[162],"Approximately":[167],"eighty":[168],"percent":[169],"currently":[174,204],"graduate":[181,193,222],"students.":[182],"Throughout":[183],"this":[184],"paper,":[185],"term":[187],"Students":[304],"refers":[190],"Universities.":[209],"They":[210],"generally":[211],"received":[213],"undergraduate":[215],"education":[216,462,483],"prior":[219],"commencing":[221],"school":[223],"America.":[226,335],"The":[227,336,488],"has":[237,259,437],"implications":[239,383],"university":[241],"administrators":[242],"other":[244,495],"educators.":[245],"a":[250,413,416,427,438],"very":[251,328],"cultural":[253,340,361,369,405,409],"environment":[254],"educational":[256,363],"system.":[257],"Research":[258],"begun":[260],"show":[262],"considerable":[267],"(Chert,":[277],"1999:":[278],"Feng,":[279],"1991;":[280],"Huang,":[281],"2004,":[282],"2005,":[283],"2006;":[284,288],"Huang":[285],"Klinger,":[287],"Liu,":[289],"1994;":[290],"Myles,":[291],"Qian":[292],"2002:":[295],"Sun":[296],"Upton,":[300],"1989;":[301],"Zhong,":[302],"1996).":[303,452,549],"cultures":[307],"learn":[308],"ways,":[311],"may":[313],"differ":[314],"styles,":[318],"self-expressions":[319],"communication":[321],"styles":[322],"(Bennett,":[323],"1999).":[324],"culture":[326,332,425,460],"is":[327,412,544],"question":[337],"how":[339,368,391],"differences":[341,370],"affect":[342,371],"merits":[351],"closer":[352],"examination.":[353],"This":[354],"review":[355],"paper":[356],"first":[357],"examines":[358],"backgrounds.":[364],"Then":[365],"it":[366,380],"discusses":[367],"Finally":[379],"provides":[381],"some":[382],"professors":[387],"educators,":[389],"namely,":[390],"they":[392],"could":[393],"work":[394],"minimize":[399],"difficulties":[402],"caused":[403],"by":[404],"factors.":[406],"background":[410],"country":[414],"long":[417],"history":[418],"unique":[420],"culture.":[421],"tradition":[423],"great":[428],"influence":[429,489],"people":[433],"today.":[434],"Confucian":[435,507],"philosophy":[436,468,508],"strong":[439],"impact":[440,512],"people's":[444,515],"viewpoint,":[445],"way":[446],"thinking":[448],"behaviors":[450],"(He,":[451,548],"One":[453],"cannot":[454],"begin":[455],"talk":[457],"about":[458],"without":[463],"discussing":[464],"Confucius":[465,471,534],"his":[467,473],"(Qian,":[469],"2002).":[470],"followers":[474],"largely":[476],"influenced":[477],"society":[479],"general":[481],"particular":[485],"(Shen,":[486],"felt":[493],"Asian":[496],"countries.":[497],"Many":[498],"traditional":[502],"values":[503],"rooted":[504],"deeply":[505],"still":[509],"tremendous":[511],"life.":[516],"For":[517],"example,":[518],"filial":[519],"piety,":[520],"respect":[521],"elderly,":[524],"moderation":[526],"(p.":[527],"3)":[528],"regarded":[530],"as":[531],"virtues.":[533],"emphasized":[535],"importance":[537],"harmony.":[539],"Harmony,":[540],"according":[541],"Confucius,":[543],"delightful":[545],"enduring":[547],"\u2026":[550]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}