{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995443708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","title":"Secondary and micronutrient inclusion in fertilizer formulation impact on maize growth and yield across northern Ghana","display_name":"Secondary and micronutrient inclusion in fertilizer formulation impact on maize growth and yield across northern Ghana","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995443708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","mag":"2995443708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764637833","display_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","issn_l":"2331-1932","issn":["2331-1932"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028303771","display_name":"Joseph Xorse Kugbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-2772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-2772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83291730","display_name":"University for Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/052nhnq73","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. X. Kugbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL1882, Nyankpala Campus, Nyankpala, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL1882, Nyankpala Campus, Nyankpala, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002323312","display_name":"Richard Kwadwo Kombat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9883-2715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9883-2715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83291730","display_name":"University for Development Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/052nhnq73","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Kombat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL1882, Nyankpala Campus, Nyankpala, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL1882, Nyankpala Campus, Nyankpala, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069194705","display_name":"Williams K. Atakora","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264869","display_name":"CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037mfwg75","country_code":"GH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264869"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Atakora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405264869"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028303771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83291730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89387663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"1700030","last_page":"1700030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur","display_name":"sulfur","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boron","display_name":"boron","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-yield","display_name":"maize yield","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-growth","display_name":"maize growth","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nps-fertilizer","display_name":"NPS fertilizer","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-dose","display_name":"fertilizer dose","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-ghana","display_name":"Northern Ghana","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farming","display_name":"smallholder farming","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea-application","display_name":"urea application","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility-management","display_name":"soil fertility management","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-nigeria","display_name":"Northern Nigeria","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-sudan","display_name":"Northern Sudan","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sahel","display_name":"Sahel","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiarid-agriculture","display_name":"semi-arid agriculture","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.8048980236053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.6613590121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6552278995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5544103980064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.4945211112499237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.46631795167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46045875549316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.45325806736946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.42169368267059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42073625326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4194106161594391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3401171565055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2551215887069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.06250661611557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.06101539731025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764637833","display_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","issn_l":"2331-1932","issn":["2331-1932"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96dd3f976f5445e38f9442be72ed1204","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96dd3f976f5445e38f9442be72ed1204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/qa1ga-zq946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/qa1ga-zq946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/qa1ga-zq946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/xvjyn-73z91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/xvjyn-73z91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/xvjyn-73z91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1700030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764637833","display_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","issn_l":"2331-1932","issn":["2331-1932"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545379352","https://openalex.org/W1614921905","https://openalex.org/W1797125039","https://openalex.org/W2079539236","https://openalex.org/W2102772505","https://openalex.org/W2108028853","https://openalex.org/W2137872925","https://openalex.org/W2516007679","https://openalex.org/W2547449278","https://openalex.org/W2732054142","https://openalex.org/W2793059353","https://openalex.org/W2794144329","https://openalex.org/W2796484071","https://openalex.org/W2896481909","https://openalex.org/W2897884044","https://openalex.org/W2908631100","https://openalex.org/W2909191297","https://openalex.org/W2910092814","https://openalex.org/W2910560894","https://openalex.org/W2914583319","https://openalex.org/W2930205909","https://openalex.org/W3181973306","https://openalex.org/W4206365113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206966039","https://openalex.org/W7140282369","https://openalex.org/W3017168051","https://openalex.org/W4388536612","https://openalex.org/W2903757759","https://openalex.org/W2045470502","https://openalex.org/W2040999212","https://openalex.org/W2885703253","https://openalex.org/W7165661179","https://openalex.org/W3092284630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Though":[0],"secondary":[1,207,313],"and":[2,34,162,188,199,208,314],"micronutrients":[3,209],"are":[4],"known":[5],"to":[6,237],"improve":[7],"crop":[8],"production,":[9],"their":[10],"inclusion":[11,205,316],"in":[12,19,26,38,44,170,302,317],"fertilizer":[13,301,318],"formulation":[14],"has":[15],"received":[16],"minimum":[17],"attention":[18],"efforts":[20],"aimed":[21],"at":[22,41,58,65,71,77,93,106,122,138,154,174,179,191,221,244,264],"increasing":[23],"maize":[24,303],"production":[25,304],"northern":[27,45,306],"Ghana.":[28,46,324],"In":[29],"this":[30],"study,":[31],"Sulphur,":[32],"Boron,":[33],"Zinc":[35],"were":[36,166,201],"included":[37],"NPK":[39,55,63,69,73,85,101,213,242],"formulations":[40],"different":[42],"rates":[43,59,66,176],"The":[47],"experiment":[48],"was":[49,177],"a":[50],"single":[51],"factor,":[52],"consisting":[53],"of":[54,61,67,206,252,276,300,322],"15-15-15":[56,64,70,243],"applied":[57,178],"(kg/ha)":[60],"60-40-40,":[62],"90-60-60,":[68],"100-40-40,":[72],"11-22-21":[74,86,214],"+":[75,79,81,83,87,89,91,95,97,99,104,108,110,112,116,118,120,124,126,128,132,134,136,140,142,144,148,150,152,156,158,160,215,217,219,223,225,227,258,260,262,266,268,270],"5S+1B+1Zn":[76,105],"60-40-38":[78],"9":[80,109],"1.8":[82,111],"1.8,":[84,113],"5S":[88,216],"1B":[90,119,135,151,218,261],"1Zn":[92,121,137,153,220,263],"90-60-57":[94,222],"14":[96,224],"2.7":[98,226,228],"2.7,":[100],"11\u201322":[102],"21":[103],"100-40-38":[107],"NPS":[114,130,146,256],"14-31-0":[115,131,147,257],"9S":[117,133,149,259],"60-40-0":[123],"11.6":[125,157,267],"1.3":[127,159,161,269,271],"1.3,":[129],"90-60-0":[139],"17.4":[141],"1.9":[143],"1.9,":[145],"100-40-0":[155,265],"no":[163],"fertilization.":[164],"Treatments":[165],"randomly":[167],"laid":[168],"out":[169],"four":[171],"farms.":[172],"Urea":[173],"respective":[175],"6":[180],"weeks":[181],"after":[182],"planting.":[183],"Data":[184],"analyzed":[185],"on":[186],"growth":[187,198],"yield":[189,200,230,240,274,288],"parameters":[190],"5%":[192],"probability":[193],"showed":[194],"that":[195],"significantly":[196],"higher":[197],"recorded":[202],"with":[203,273,281],"the":[204,238,282,286,293,296,310],"(P":[210],"<":[211],"0.05).":[212],"increased":[229],"by":[231],"30%":[232],"(mean:":[233,246,278,289],"3330":[234],"kg/ha)":[235,248],"compared":[236],"standard":[239],"from":[241],"90-60-60":[245],"2585":[247],"which":[249],"consisted":[250],"solely":[251],"primary":[253],"nutrients.":[254],"Also,":[255],"followed":[272],"increment":[275],"26%":[277],"3252":[279],"kg/ha),":[280],"zero-control":[283],"treatment":[284],"giving":[285],"lowest":[287],"356":[290],"kg/ha).":[291],"While":[292],"study":[294],"confirms":[295],"need":[297,311],"for":[298,312,320],"use":[299],"across":[305],"Ghana":[307],"it":[308],"demonstrates":[309],"micronutrient":[315],"blends":[319],"soils":[321],"Northern":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}