{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995178128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","title":"A Review of the Transformation of Road Transport Systems: Are We Ready for the Next Step in Artificially Intelligent Sustainable Transport?","display_name":"A Review of the Transformation of Road Transport Systems: Are We Ready for the Next Step in Artificially Intelligent Sustainable Transport?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995178128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","mag":"2995178128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/asi3010001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/3/1/1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217229","display_name":"Applied System Innovation","issn_l":"2571-5577","issn":["2571-5577"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied System Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/3/1/1/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029005215","display_name":"Umair Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2327-8817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2327-8817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umair Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2327-8817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081476783","display_name":"Andrew Whyte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-0951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-0951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Whyte","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027768249","display_name":"Hamad Al Jassmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-4067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-4067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamad Al Jassmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Director of Roadway, Transportation and Traffic Safety Research Centre (RTTSRC), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-4067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director of Roadway, Transportation and Traffic Safety Research Centre (RTTSRC), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029005215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1013},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1013},"fwci":2.1672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86842265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-vehicles","display_name":"autonomous vehicles","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-systems","display_name":"intelligent transportation systems","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-transport","display_name":"artificial intelligence in transport","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"sustainable transport","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"public transport","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-miles-traveled","display_name":"vehicle miles traveled","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridesharing","display_name":"ride-sharing","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"traffic congestion","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-reduction","display_name":"emission reduction","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-and-security-concerns","display_name":"privacy and security concerns","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-mobility","display_name":"urban mobility","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-vehicle-ownership","display_name":"private vehicle ownership","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157181609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364310","display_name":"Sustainable transport","level":3,"score":0.6896343231201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.6681869029998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5262293815612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5258708000183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.5138931274414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.5094738602638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.48942962288856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4712643623352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.467628538608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4396665394306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40207386016845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3374454975128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24739283323287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.19157996773719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/asi3010001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/3/1/1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217229","display_name":"Applied System Innovation","issn_l":"2571-5577","issn":["2571-5577"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied System Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/82102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/asi3010001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi3010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-5577/3/1/1/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217229","display_name":"Applied System Innovation","issn_l":"2571-5577","issn":["2571-5577"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied System Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.9333000183105469,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321981","display_name":"Department of Education, Australian Governement","ror":"https://ror.org/02wa0fq92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995178128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995178128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W575133345","https://openalex.org/W613431690","https://openalex.org/W850604540","https://openalex.org/W1507988017","https://openalex.org/W1555872275","https://openalex.org/W1568995862","https://openalex.org/W1848501634","https://openalex.org/W1968781602","https://openalex.org/W1980872076","https://openalex.org/W1983360738","https://openalex.org/W1991095535","https://openalex.org/W1994825355","https://openalex.org/W2000474849","https://openalex.org/W2001727693","https://openalex.org/W2007875244","https://openalex.org/W2040416822","https://openalex.org/W2045592527","https://openalex.org/W2059441257","https://openalex.org/W2065460746","https://openalex.org/W2072849222","https://openalex.org/W2076088860","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2099638684","https://openalex.org/W2102104695","https://openalex.org/W2112383081","https://openalex.org/W2113523706","https://openalex.org/W2124651605","https://openalex.org/W2158003279","https://openalex.org/W2164268851","https://openalex.org/W2165216595","https://openalex.org/W2187973172","https://openalex.org/W2260256718","https://openalex.org/W2279941005","https://openalex.org/W2337845997","https://openalex.org/W2499601457","https://openalex.org/W2505270839","https://openalex.org/W2549714256","https://openalex.org/W2550788919","https://openalex.org/W2582268785","https://openalex.org/W2587092404","https://openalex.org/W2734666685","https://openalex.org/W2756327937","https://openalex.org/W2758107681","https://openalex.org/W2758304485","https://openalex.org/W2785607352","https://openalex.org/W2794557496","https://openalex.org/W2883642127","https://openalex.org/W2893215313","https://openalex.org/W2904576292","https://openalex.org/W2905525976","https://openalex.org/W2914866200","https://openalex.org/W2915445200","https://openalex.org/W2920804651","https://openalex.org/W2968782003","https://openalex.org/W2972815130","https://openalex.org/W2975643012","https://openalex.org/W2977054620","https://openalex.org/W2980015896","https://openalex.org/W2987458861","https://openalex.org/W4239817669","https://openalex.org/W4300358248","https://openalex.org/W6655832309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412839297","https://openalex.org/W4385817476","https://openalex.org/W7131218993","https://openalex.org/W2900464464","https://openalex.org/W6980115116","https://openalex.org/W4413485925","https://openalex.org/W7128078717","https://openalex.org/W7138272926","https://openalex.org/W3168865459","https://openalex.org/W2965680376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobility":[0],"is":[1,34,51],"experiencing":[2],"a":[3,79],"revolution,":[4],"as":[5,24,183],"advanced":[6],"communications,":[7],"computers":[8],"with":[9,198],"big":[10],"data":[11,208],"capacities,":[12],"efficient":[13],"networks":[14],"of":[15,54,65,82,92,97,112,161,187,203],"sensors,":[16],"and":[17,27,37,45,76,176,192,194,205],"signals,":[18],"are":[19],"developing":[20],"value-added":[21],"applications":[22],"such":[23,182],"intelligent":[25,72],"spaces":[26],"autonomous":[28,55],"vehicles.":[29,237],"Another":[30],"new":[31],"technology":[32],"that":[33,89,104,201],"both":[35],"promising":[36],"might":[38],"even":[39],"be":[40,137,153,170,220],"pervasive":[41],"for":[42],"faster,":[43],"safer":[44],"more":[46,109],"environmentally-friendly":[47],"public":[48],"transport":[49],"(PT)":[50],"the":[52,63,66,70,90,145,167,199,213,221,231],"development":[53],"vehicles":[56],"(AVs).":[57],"This":[58,85],"study":[59],"aims":[60],"to":[61,169,219,229],"understand":[62],"state":[64],"current":[67],"research":[68,94],"on":[69,100],"artificially":[71],"transportation":[73],"system":[74],"(ITS)":[75],"AVs":[77,105],"through":[78,155],"critical":[80],"evaluation":[81],"peer-reviewed":[83],"literature.":[84],"study\u2019s":[86],"findings":[87],"revealed":[88,180],"majority":[91],"existing":[93],"(around":[95],"82%":[96],"studies)":[98],"focused":[99],"AVs.":[101],"Results":[102],"show":[103],"can":[106,133],"potentially":[107],"reduce":[108],"than":[110],"80%":[111],"pollutant":[113],"emissions":[114],"per":[115],"mile":[116],"if":[117],"powered":[118],"by":[119,140],"alternate":[120],"energy":[121],"resources":[122],"(e.g.,":[123],"natural":[124],"gas,":[125],"biofuel,":[126],"electricity,":[127],"hydrogen":[128],"cells,":[129],"etc.).":[130],"Not":[131],"only":[132],"private":[134,236],"vehicle":[135,147],"ownership":[136],"cut":[138],"down":[139],"bringing":[141],"in":[142,166,225],"ridesharing":[143],"but":[144],"average":[146],"miles":[148],"travelled":[149],"(VMT)":[150],"should":[151],"also":[152,217],"reduced":[154],"improved":[156],"PT.":[157],"The":[158],"main":[159],"benefits":[160],"AV":[162],"adoption":[163],"were":[164],"reported":[165],"literature":[168],"travel":[171],"time,":[172],"traffic":[173],"congestion,":[174],"cost":[175],"environmental":[177],"factors.":[178],"Findings":[179],"barriers":[181],"technological":[184],"uncertainties,":[185],"lack":[186,202],"regulation,":[188],"unawareness":[189],"among":[190],"stakeholders":[191],"privacy":[193],"security":[195],"concerns,":[196],"along":[197],"fact":[200],"simulation":[204],"empirical":[206],"modelling":[207],"from":[209,235],"pilot":[210],"studies":[211],"limit":[212],"application.":[214],"AV\u2013PT":[215],"was":[216],"found":[218],"most":[222],"sustainable":[223],"strategy":[224],"dense":[226],"urban":[227],"areas":[228],"shift":[230],"heavy":[232],"trip":[233],"load":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
