{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995176016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","title":"Second language learning induces grey matter volume increase in people with multiple sclerosis","display_name":"Second language learning induces grey matter volume increase in people with multiple sclerosis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995176016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","mag":"2995176016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31869402","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6927643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226525&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226525&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063292690","display_name":"Rainer Ehling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-9659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256976","display_name":"Reha Zentrum M\u00fcnster Betriebs GmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/04r478t60","country_code":"AT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256976"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Ehling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Clinic for Rehabilitation M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria","Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Karl Landsteiner Institut f\u00fcr Interdisziplin\u00e4re Forschung am Reha Zentrum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-9659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Clinic for Rehabilitation M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karl Landsteiner Institut f\u00fcr Interdisziplin\u00e4re Forschung am Reha Zentrum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044521657","display_name":"Matthias Amprosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Amprosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074115647","display_name":"Benjamin Kremmel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-0091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-0091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Kremmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037651315","display_name":"Gabriel Bsteh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-0851","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-0851"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Bsteh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090014126","display_name":"Kathrin Eberharter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-3357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-3357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathrin Eberharter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070925243","display_name":"Matthias Zehentner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Zehentner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089098647","display_name":"Ruth Steiger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-9575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-9575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Steiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086839695","display_name":"Noora Tuovinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-5281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-5281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noora Tuovinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018503526","display_name":"Elke Ruth Gizewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-8377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-8377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elke R. Gizewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044647308","display_name":"Thomas Benke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-7758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-7758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Benke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060017986","display_name":"Thomas Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-1144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-1144","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-7791","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1216-0556"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067812109","display_name":"Carol Sp\u00f6ttl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Sp\u00f6ttl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Testing Research Group Innsbruck, Department for Subject Specific Education, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014864323","display_name":"Christian Brenneis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-9535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-9535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256976","display_name":"Reha Zentrum M\u00fcnster Betriebs GmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/04r478t60","country_code":"AT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256976"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Brenneis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Clinic for Rehabilitation M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria","Karl Landsteiner Institut f\u00fcr Interdisziplin\u00e4re Forschung am Reha Zentrum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Clinic for Rehabilitation M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karl Landsteiner Institut f\u00fcr Interdisziplin\u00e4re Forschung am Reha Zentrum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025145858","display_name":"Christoph Scherfler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-5265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-5265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","display_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pt86f80","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Scherfler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063292690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143397708","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I4405256976"],"apc_list":{"value":1595,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1595},"apc_paid":{"value":1595,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1595},"fwci":0.9136,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69761412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"e0226525","last_page":"e0226525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.5365999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.5365999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.37450000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-matter-volume","display_name":"gray matter volume","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parahippocampal-gyrus","display_name":"parahippocampal gyrus","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insular-cortex","display_name":"insula","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/putamen","display_name":"putamen","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-training","display_name":"language training","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-acquisition","display_name":"vocabulary acquisition","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-related-quality-of-life","display_name":"health-related quality of life","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensatory-plasticity","display_name":"compensatory plasticity","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778013878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646150","display_name":"Grey matter","level":4,"score":0.6518677473068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.606863260269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.581356942653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104996578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827617","display_name":"Insula","level":2,"score":0.5243169069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.4442009925842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.4381188154220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3757246136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.2670001685619354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.24487969279289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.23751670122146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.19431209564208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009929","descriptor_name":"Organ Size","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019303","descriptor_name":"Multilingualism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066128","descriptor_name":"Gray Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066128","descriptor_name":"Gray Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066128","descriptor_name":"Gray Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226525&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5901405","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6927643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31869402","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31869402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Controlled Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6927643","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6927643/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ac37e65250b42178b075b9a264e3f12","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ac37e65250b42178b075b9a264e3f12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e0226525 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/11443089","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Second_language_learning_induces_grey_matter_volume_increase_in_people_with_multiple_sclerosis/11443089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226525","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226525&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995176016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995176016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203668661","https://openalex.org/W1212586876","https://openalex.org/W1600907624","https://openalex.org/W1841737937","https://openalex.org/W1965248225","https://openalex.org/W1972438508","https://openalex.org/W1975979020","https://openalex.org/W1999075230","https://openalex.org/W2004494284","https://openalex.org/W2012130547","https://openalex.org/W2012934594","https://openalex.org/W2014423835","https://openalex.org/W2021980805","https://openalex.org/W2027516368","https://openalex.org/W2049515993","https://openalex.org/W2049534804","https://openalex.org/W2060129459","https://openalex.org/W2061821397","https://openalex.org/W2063237661","https://openalex.org/W2064815813","https://openalex.org/W2084761863","https://openalex.org/W2086826898","https://openalex.org/W2099508167","https://openalex.org/W2100841153","https://openalex.org/W2102848905","https://openalex.org/W2112165124","https://openalex.org/W2113570523","https://openalex.org/W2115055261","https://openalex.org/W2116135717","https://openalex.org/W2119270258","https://openalex.org/W2119474334","https://openalex.org/W2119583179","https://openalex.org/W2122545833","https://openalex.org/W2130632081","https://openalex.org/W2131201125","https://openalex.org/W2135875248","https://openalex.org/W2142577589","https://openalex.org/W2147558162","https://openalex.org/W2149698395","https://openalex.org/W2154100352","https://openalex.org/W2155298532","https://openalex.org/W2162218553","https://openalex.org/W2167909156","https://openalex.org/W2168428585","https://openalex.org/W2171169269","https://openalex.org/W2254736880","https://openalex.org/W2314705074","https://openalex.org/W2415334274","https://openalex.org/W2622336592","https://openalex.org/W2742226977","https://openalex.org/W2773305147","https://openalex.org/W2783605273","https://openalex.org/W2784036237","https://openalex.org/W2809351764","https://openalex.org/W2897451308","https://openalex.org/W2909099364","https://openalex.org/W2977883299","https://openalex.org/W2998063085","https://openalex.org/W4211090999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004494284","https://openalex.org/W3201120218","https://openalex.org/W6998344995","https://openalex.org/W2068046750","https://openalex.org/W3081178002","https://openalex.org/W1600665631","https://openalex.org/W2119474334","https://openalex.org/W4390590943","https://openalex.org/W6906460052","https://openalex.org/W7000390861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Grey":[1],"matter":[2,70],"volume":[3],"(GMV)":[4],"decline":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,186],"frequent":[8],"finding":[9],"in":[10,20,28,38,45,83,119,132,142,151,162,191,207,223],"multiple":[11],"sclerosis":[12],"(MS),":[13],"the":[14,61,112,116,133,143],"most":[15],"common":[16],"chronic":[17],"neurological":[18],"disease":[19],"young":[21],"adults.":[22,40],"Increases":[23],"of":[24,42,63,80,111,128,139,146,154,169,189,199,202],"GMV":[25,109,129,167,200],"were":[26,130],"detected":[27],"language":[29,35,203],"related":[30,204],"brain":[31,205],"regions":[32,206],"following":[33],"second":[34],"(L2)":[36],"learning":[37,44,182],"healthy":[39],"Effects":[41],"L2":[43,66,75,124,148,181,221],"people":[46,84],"with":[47,85,176,185],"MS":[48,87],"(pwMS)":[49],"have":[50],"not":[51],"been":[52],"investigated":[53],"so":[54],"far.":[55],"METHODS:":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58],"prospectively":[59],"evaluated":[60],"potential":[62],"an":[64],"eight-week":[65],"training":[67,149],"on":[68],"grey":[69],"plasticity":[71,218],"measured":[72],"by":[73],"3T-MRI,":[74],"proficiency":[76,222],"and":[77,92,95,137,141,159,165,172,180,209,211,216],"health-related":[78],"quality":[79],"life":[81],"(HRQoL)":[82],"relapsing-remitting":[86],"(pwMS,":[88],"n":[89,99],"=":[90,100],"11)":[91],"healthy,":[93],"sex-":[94],"age-matched":[96],"controls":[97],"(HCs;":[98],"12).":[101],"RESULTS:":[102],"Categorical":[103],"voxel-based":[104],"analysis":[105],"revealed":[106],"significantly":[107,174],"less":[108],"bilaterally":[110],"insula":[113,145],"extending":[114],"to":[115,219],"temporal":[117],"pole":[118],"pwMS":[120,140,164,208],"at":[121],"baseline.":[122],"Following":[123],"training,":[125],"significant":[126,152,187],"increases":[127,168,201],"evident":[131],"right":[134,170],"hippocampus,":[135],"parahippocampus":[136,173],"putamen":[138],"left":[144],"HCs.":[147,166],"resulted":[150],"improvements":[153],"listening":[155],"comprehension,":[156],"speaking":[157],"fluency":[158],"vocabulary":[160,177],"knowledge":[161,178],"both":[163],"hippocampus":[171],"correlated":[175],"gain":[179],"was":[183],"associated":[184],"increase":[188],"HRQoL":[190],"pwMS.":[192,224],"CONCLUSION:":[193],"Our":[194],"findings":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"distinct":[197],"patterns":[198],"HCs":[210],"indicate":[212],"disease-related":[213],"compensatory":[214],"cortical":[215],"subcortical":[217],"acquire":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}