{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994942670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","title":"After early retirement: the variety of human-resource strategies of firms towards older employees","display_name":"After early retirement: the variety of human-resource strategies of firms towards older employees","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994942670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","mag":"2994942670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","pdf_url":"https://labourmarketresearch.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764413441","display_name":"Journal for Labour Market Research","issn_l":"1614-3485","issn":["1614-3485","1867-8343","2510-5019","2510-5027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal for Labour Market Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://labourmarketresearch.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045451611","display_name":"Martin Brussig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-6853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-6853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Brussig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Arbeit und Qualifikation (IAQ), Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen, 47048, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079232443","display_name":"Ute Leber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2607685603","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/02qcqwf93","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2607685603"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ute Leber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Regensburger Str. 104, 90478, Nuremberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2607685603"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Regensburger Str. 104, 90478, Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2607685603"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045451611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5316,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90439856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14118","display_name":"Social and Demographic Issues in Germany","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-workers","display_name":"older workers","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-retirement","display_name":"early retirement","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management-strategy","display_name":"human resource management strategy","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-training","display_name":"internal training","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skilled-labor-shortage","display_name":"skilled labor shortage","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-relations","display_name":"labor relations","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualified-workers","display_name":"qualified workers","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-of-older-workers","display_name":"employment of older workers","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.7800897359848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6610522270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.6424449682235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6055179834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.533488392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4494646191596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4414268136024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1007266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621839","display_name":"Strategic human resource planning","level":3,"score":0.43308165669441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.400560200214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.35173630714416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25393253564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12378102540969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.1024671196937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","pdf_url":"https://labourmarketresearch.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764413441","display_name":"Journal for Labour Market Research","issn_l":"1614-3485","issn":["1614-3485","1867-8343","2510-5019","2510-5027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal for Labour Market Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:jlabrs:v:53:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1186_s12651-019-0266-z","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/216690","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/216690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","pdf_url":"https://labourmarketresearch.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12651-019-0266-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764413441","display_name":"Journal for Labour Market Research","issn_l":"1614-3485","issn":["1614-3485","1867-8343","2510-5019","2510-5027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal for Labour Market Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994942670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994942670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23792076","https://openalex.org/W95336844","https://openalex.org/W191426009","https://openalex.org/W331547460","https://openalex.org/W650812645","https://openalex.org/W1486788972","https://openalex.org/W1506580112","https://openalex.org/W1587231398","https://openalex.org/W1927896753","https://openalex.org/W1964748237","https://openalex.org/W2021981216","https://openalex.org/W2049873060","https://openalex.org/W2063077042","https://openalex.org/W2069320370","https://openalex.org/W2092604842","https://openalex.org/W2099326003","https://openalex.org/W2102382227","https://openalex.org/W2140840393","https://openalex.org/W2166748066","https://openalex.org/W2182331660","https://openalex.org/W2329506796","https://openalex.org/W2515814509","https://openalex.org/W2524313398","https://openalex.org/W2790850788","https://openalex.org/W2791816381","https://openalex.org/W2793248453","https://openalex.org/W2793642619","https://openalex.org/W2915004061","https://openalex.org/W3123143221","https://openalex.org/W3140166973","https://openalex.org/W4230910533","https://openalex.org/W4234796040","https://openalex.org/W4241502104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129343004","https://openalex.org/W7098394873","https://openalex.org/W239473690","https://openalex.org/W1515850809","https://openalex.org/W1964748237","https://openalex.org/W4401855937","https://openalex.org/W3022296698","https://openalex.org/W6946042003","https://openalex.org/W2336344621","https://openalex.org/W2793878640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Over":[1],"the":[2,5,19,30,57,66,75,81,84,91,120,147],"last":[3],"years,":[4],"employment":[6],"rate":[7],"of":[8,33,83,116,149],"older":[9,34,54,111],"workers":[10,118,151],"has":[11],"increased":[12],"sharply":[13],"in":[14,127,139],"Germany.":[15],"Against":[16],"this":[17],"background,":[18],"question":[20],"arose":[21],"as":[22,46,106],"to":[23,29,87,95,141,146],"whether":[24],"firms":[25],"have":[26,129],"contributed":[27],"actively":[28],"growing":[31],"share":[32,148],"employees,":[35],"either":[36],"by":[37,52],"offering":[38],"special":[39],"human":[40],"resource":[41],"management":[42],"(HRM)":[43],"measures,":[44],"such":[45,105],"further":[47],"training":[48],"(internal":[49],"strategy)":[50],"or":[51,90,94,113],"hiring":[53],"employees":[55],"from":[56,74],"external":[58],"labour":[59],"market":[60],"(external":[61],"strategy).":[62],"Our":[63,99],"paper":[64],"analyses":[65,100],"interrelation":[67],"between":[68],"both":[69,97,123],"strategies.":[70,98,124],"By":[71],"using":[72],"data":[73],"IAB":[76],"Establishment":[77],"Panel,":[78],"we":[79],"investigate":[80],"determinants":[82],"firms\u2019":[85],"decision":[86,121],"use":[88],"one":[89,134],"other":[92],"strategy":[93,135],"combine":[96],"show":[101],"that":[102],"some":[103],"factors,":[104],"firm":[107],"size,":[108],"experiences":[109],"with":[110],"staff":[112],"a":[114,130,153],"shortage":[115],"skilled":[117],"promote":[119],"for":[122],"Other":[125],"characteristics,":[126],"contrast,":[128],"positive":[131],"effect":[132],"on":[133],"only.":[136],"This":[137],"applies":[138],"particular":[140],"industrial":[142],"relations,":[143],"but":[144],"also":[145],"qualified":[150],"within":[152],"company.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
