{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994897649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12221","title":"The Business Model of Social Banks","display_name":"The Business Model of Social Banks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994897649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12221","mag":"2994897649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/kykl.12221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91661715","display_name":"Kyklos","issn_l":"0023-5962","issn":["0023-5962","1467-6435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kyklos","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/771c59ea-1ebc-4a74-a9c9-5e0b856a0971/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892250","display_name":"Simon Corn\u00e9e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-0762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-0762","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4219-6252"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Corn\u00e9e","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022598285","display_name":"Panu Kalmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-5109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-5109"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panu Kalmi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060318337","display_name":"Ariane Szafarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-421X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-421X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ariane Szafarz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060318337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85415947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"196","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.40139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.40139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.21940000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14419","display_name":"Banking Systems and Strategies","score":0.21580000221729279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-banks","display_name":"social banks","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-models","display_name":"business models","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-enterprises","display_name":"social enterprises","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-intermediation","display_name":"financial intermediation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ownership-structure","display_name":"ownership structure","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depositors","display_name":"depositors","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-interest-rates","display_name":"market interest rates","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-sustainability","display_name":"bank sustainability","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.5824780464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5506064295768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779143981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1445414","display_name":"Intermediation","level":2,"score":0.5083395838737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.43672317266464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42923590540885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65146658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416431","display_name":"Financial intermediary","level":2,"score":0.4193258583545685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.4118533730506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.3835375905036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.34795916080474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.34486305713653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.32800835371017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.21767175197601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14073491096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11786016821861267}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/kykl.12221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91661715","display_name":"Kyklos","issn_l":"0023-5962","issn":["0023-5962","1467-6435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kyklos","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:11111/2034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/11111/2034","pdf_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/771c59ea-1ebc-4a74-a9c9-5e0b856a0971/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/10384","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:halshs-02888958v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/halshs-02888958v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kyklos, 2020, 73 (2), pp.196-226. &#x27E8;10.1111/kykl.12221&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osuva.uwasa.fi:11111/2034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/11111/2034","pdf_url":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/bitstreams/771c59ea-1ebc-4a74-a9c9-5e0b856a0971/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400974","display_name":"Osuva (University of Vaasa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79765343","host_organization_name":"University of Vaasa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79765343"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/10384","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994897649.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994897649.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W256319495","https://openalex.org/W1531329487","https://openalex.org/W1540639190","https://openalex.org/W1549337067","https://openalex.org/W1555220888","https://openalex.org/W1599525724","https://openalex.org/W1601005760","https://openalex.org/W1836740387","https://openalex.org/W1963772190","https://openalex.org/W1968095861","https://openalex.org/W1970539285","https://openalex.org/W1972740269","https://openalex.org/W1976016759","https://openalex.org/W1976223060","https://openalex.org/W1976934877","https://openalex.org/W1982809111","https://openalex.org/W1983270851","https://openalex.org/W1988763630","https://openalex.org/W1999999231","https://openalex.org/W2003058747","https://openalex.org/W2003457148","https://openalex.org/W2009198911","https://openalex.org/W2010411707","https://openalex.org/W2018165497","https://openalex.org/W2027366548","https://openalex.org/W2034690873","https://openalex.org/W2039875178","https://openalex.org/W2039987590","https://openalex.org/W2043431305","https://openalex.org/W2048373824","https://openalex.org/W2049283018","https://openalex.org/W2050665938","https://openalex.org/W2057211502","https://openalex.org/W2063008051","https://openalex.org/W2066245911","https://openalex.org/W2066976154","https://openalex.org/W2067402622","https://openalex.org/W2067900495","https://openalex.org/W2075595911","https://openalex.org/W2076875561","https://openalex.org/W2100673825","https://openalex.org/W2102770878","https://openalex.org/W2106529082","https://openalex.org/W2108491286","https://openalex.org/W2111504671","https://openalex.org/W2113927043","https://openalex.org/W2122203238","https://openalex.org/W2122465344","https://openalex.org/W2126077726","https://openalex.org/W2130987635","https://openalex.org/W2132459746","https://openalex.org/W2134443358","https://openalex.org/W2138269677","https://openalex.org/W2142728105","https://openalex.org/W2148896691","https://openalex.org/W2149027374","https://openalex.org/W2151678399","https://openalex.org/W2153678837","https://openalex.org/W2157509893","https://openalex.org/W2161215945","https://openalex.org/W2204668857","https://openalex.org/W2211609145","https://openalex.org/W2263021834","https://openalex.org/W2314983991","https://openalex.org/W2338599088","https://openalex.org/W2465587637","https://openalex.org/W2495077058","https://openalex.org/W2506834093","https://openalex.org/W2570857135","https://openalex.org/W2590954054","https://openalex.org/W2593372129","https://openalex.org/W2602243802","https://openalex.org/W2602483374","https://openalex.org/W2754962058","https://openalex.org/W2766250581","https://openalex.org/W2800232835","https://openalex.org/W2889037954","https://openalex.org/W2919623125","https://openalex.org/W2944989503","https://openalex.org/W2999117314","https://openalex.org/W3021731726","https://openalex.org/W3083636486","https://openalex.org/W3121166817","https://openalex.org/W3121385028","https://openalex.org/W3121433632","https://openalex.org/W3121807858","https://openalex.org/W3121972838","https://openalex.org/W3122027766","https://openalex.org/W3122071817","https://openalex.org/W3123092007","https://openalex.org/W3123671676","https://openalex.org/W3124226976","https://openalex.org/W3124530980","https://openalex.org/W3125917484","https://openalex.org/W3199910202","https://openalex.org/W4234961057","https://openalex.org/W4236043550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092801464","https://openalex.org/W3111486040","https://openalex.org/W4323527200","https://openalex.org/W2322835457","https://openalex.org/W4382560859","https://openalex.org/W2162135975","https://openalex.org/W54240175","https://openalex.org/W1972836725","https://openalex.org/W1981669613","https://openalex.org/W256319495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"Based":[1],"on":[2,65,124,127],"an":[3,76],"extensive":[4],"literature":[5],"review,":[6],"this":[7],"paper":[8],"proposes":[9],"to":[10,29,52,136],"define":[11],"social":[12,16,24,31],"banks":[13,104,130],"(SBs)":[14],"as":[15],"enterprises":[17],"that":[18,79,146],"run":[19],"banking":[20,61],"activities":[21],"with":[22,89],"the":[23,60,98,108,116,132,137,155,158],"mission":[25],"of":[26,70,110,118,139,157],"supplying":[27],"credit":[28,86],"other":[30],"enterprises,":[32],"which":[33,74],"are":[34],"typically":[35],"less":[36],"profitable":[37],"than":[38],"for\u2010profit":[39],"businesses.":[40],"This":[41],"definition":[42],"marks":[43],"our":[44,140],"starting":[45],"point":[46],"for":[47,114],"developing":[48],"a":[49,66,147],"theoretical":[50,141],"framework":[51],"explain":[53],"how":[54],"SBs":[55,101],"survive":[56],"without":[57],"subsidies":[58],"in":[59],"market.":[62],"We":[63,95],"build":[64],"two\u2010pillar":[67],"business":[68,117,160],"model":[69],"value\u2010based":[71],"financial":[72,90],"intermediation,":[73],"comprises":[75],"ownership":[77,82],"structure":[78],"limits":[80],"residual":[81],"claims":[83],"and":[84,102,105],"preferential":[85],"conditions":[87],"associated":[88],"sacrifices":[91],"from":[92],"motivated":[93],"depositors.":[94],"also":[96,144],"clarify":[97],"link":[99],"between":[100],"stakeholder":[103],"weigh":[106],"up":[107],"importance":[109],"market":[111],"interest":[112,149],"rates":[113],"facilitating":[115],"SBs.":[119],"An":[120],"empirical":[121],"analysis":[122],"based":[123],"panel":[125],"regressions":[126],"5,400":[128],"European":[129],"over":[131],"1998\u20102013":[133],"period":[134],"attests":[135],"relevance":[138],"framework.":[142],"It":[143],"confirms":[145],"low":[148],"rate":[150],"environment":[151],"raises":[152],"concerns":[153],"about":[154],"sustainability":[156],"SB":[159],"model.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
