{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994869906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11947/j.agcs.2017.20170058","title":"The Analysis of Height System Definition and the High Precision GNSS Replacing Leveling Method","display_name":"The Analysis of Height System Definition and the High Precision GNSS Replacing Leveling Method","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994869906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11947/j.agcs.2017.20170058","mag":"2994869906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11947/j.agcs.2017.20170058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, Vol 46, Iss 8, Pp 945-951 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2994869906"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ZHANG Chuanyin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZHANG Chuanyin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037170978","display_name":"Tao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-0322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-0322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JIANG Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071433234","display_name":"KE Baogui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KE Baogui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720953","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-2045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-2045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WANG Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58373934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13511","display_name":"Geodetic Measurements and Engineering Structures","score":0.10080000013113022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.08560000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-height","display_name":"normal height","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthometric-height","display_name":"orthometric height","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geoid-model","display_name":"geoid model","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geoid","display_name":"geoid","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodetic-height","display_name":"geodetic height","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spirit-leveling","display_name":"spirit leveling","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9260767698287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.588320791721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5059534907341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36802124977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28309088945388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.21290600299835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.161197692155838}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11947/j.agcs.2017.20170058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, Vol 46, Iss 8, Pp 945-951 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11947/j.agcs.2017.20170058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebd1aac88f8f49058a2f253069aadc4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, Vol 46, Iss 8, Pp 945-951 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298040689","https://openalex.org/W4381283886","https://openalex.org/W2804574607","https://openalex.org/W4395664791","https://openalex.org/W2888098859","https://openalex.org/W4315642701","https://openalex.org/W4362475667","https://openalex.org/W3092105958","https://openalex.org/W1521740701","https://openalex.org/W3107672957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1,152,167],"the":[2,7,22,51,75,83,100,103,112,119,139,148,153,160,172,177,184],"definition":[3],"of":[4,11,21,78,90,108,123,156,174,183],"height":[5,12,31,70,80,88,94,110,136,141,164,169],"system,":[6,95],"gravitational":[8],"equipotential":[9],"property":[10],"datum":[13,76,89,97],"surface":[14,77,98,107],"is":[15,47,99,116,143,179],"discussed":[16],"in":[17,29,111,162],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"differences":[20],"heights":[23],"at":[24,60,71],"ground":[25],"points":[26],"that":[27],"defined":[28],"different":[30],"systems":[32],"are":[33],"tested":[34],"and":[35,57,127,150],"analyzed":[36],"as":[37],"well.":[38],"A":[39],"new":[40],"method":[41,155],"for":[42,134,146],"replacing":[43,55,158],"leveling":[44,56,59],"using":[45],"GNSS":[46,54,124,157],"proposed":[48,154],"to":[49,118],"ensure":[50],"consistency":[52],"between":[53],"spirit":[58],"mm":[61],"accuracy":[62,73],"level.":[63],"The":[64,85,121],"main":[65],"conclusions":[66],"include:\u2460For":[67],"determining":[68],"normal":[69,79,93,140,168],"centimeter":[72],"level,":[74],"should":[81],"be":[82,131],"geoid.":[84,120],"1985":[86],"national":[87],"China":[91],"adopts":[92],"its":[96],"geoid":[101,128,175],"passing":[102],"Qingdao":[104],"zero":[105],"point.\u2461The":[106],"equi-orthometric":[109],"near":[113],"earth":[114],"space":[115],"parallel":[117],"combination":[122],"precise":[125],"positioning":[126],"model":[129],"can":[130],"directly":[132],"used":[133],"orthometric":[135],"determination.":[137],"However,":[138],"system":[142],"more":[144,166],"advantageous":[145],"describing":[147],"terrain":[149],"relief.\u2462Based":[151],"leveling,":[159],"errors":[161,173],"geodetic":[163],"affect":[165],"result":[170],"than":[171],"model,":[176],"former":[178],"about":[180],"1.5":[181],"times":[182],"latter.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}
