{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994829183","doi":null,"title":"Physiology, Bile Acids","display_name":"Physiology, Bile Acids","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994829183","mag":"2994829183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2994829183","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31747172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530867","display_name":"StatPearls","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"StatPearls","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103332274","display_name":"Isaac Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-7956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-7956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147380","display_name":"California Northstate University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0d2228","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Northstate University College of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-7956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Northstate University College of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047977409","display_name":"Sebastiano Cassaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Cassaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["UN California Irvine / Kaweah Delta"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UN California Irvine / Kaweah Delta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62462794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.888700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11618","display_name":"Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism","score":0.07670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10518","display_name":"Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bile-acids","display_name":"bile acids","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-bile-acids","display_name":"primary bile acids","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-bile-acids","display_name":"secondary bile acids","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bile-salts","display_name":"bile salts","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugated-bile-acids","display_name":"bile acid conjugates","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycocholic-acid","display_name":"glycocholic acid","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taurocholic-acid","display_name":"taurocholate","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxisomes","display_name":"peroxisomes","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallbladder","display_name":"gallbladder","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholecystokinin","display_name":"cholecystokinin","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sphincter-of-oddi","display_name":"sphincter of Oddi","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-emulsification","display_name":"fat emulsification","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farnesoid-x-receptor","display_name":"farnesoid X receptor","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tgr5","display_name":"TGR5","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesterol-excretion","display_name":"cholesterol excretion","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bile-acid-synthesis","display_name":"bile acid synthesis","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776279336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2701638","display_name":"Glycocholic acid","level":4,"score":0.7061421275138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779701627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207051","display_name":"Taurine","level":3,"score":0.6900038719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413288","display_name":"Bile acid","level":2,"score":0.6665650010108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39321552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18052005","display_name":"G protein-coupled bile acid receptor","level":3,"score":0.5732314586639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5393758416175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5371748805046082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.5287553668022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10213722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17912191","display_name":"CYP8B1","level":4,"score":0.48966673016548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780480987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2659931","display_name":"Taurocholic acid","level":3,"score":0.4581031799316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203862802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14905041","display_name":"Farnesoid X receptor","level":5,"score":0.41699928045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777148285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64386","display_name":"Gallbladder","level":2,"score":0.41515839099884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34956568479537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775900799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287415","display_name":"Cholic acid","level":3,"score":0.22758015990257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1007237434387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63932345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422500","display_name":"Nuclear receptor","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2994829183","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31747172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306530867","display_name":"StatPearls","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"StatPearls","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63675081","https://openalex.org/W1508952278","https://openalex.org/W1868247522","https://openalex.org/W1895912262","https://openalex.org/W1963587340","https://openalex.org/W1976235901","https://openalex.org/W1984345984","https://openalex.org/W1985714605","https://openalex.org/W1995953530","https://openalex.org/W1996368825","https://openalex.org/W2003318570","https://openalex.org/W2013022794","https://openalex.org/W2031762491","https://openalex.org/W2036155612","https://openalex.org/W2039324130","https://openalex.org/W2041167465","https://openalex.org/W2042967363","https://openalex.org/W2053581007","https://openalex.org/W2077027532","https://openalex.org/W2079027873","https://openalex.org/W2085957056","https://openalex.org/W2087577664","https://openalex.org/W2092415816","https://openalex.org/W2093009918","https://openalex.org/W2094290879","https://openalex.org/W2100106197","https://openalex.org/W2113449585","https://openalex.org/W2115438056","https://openalex.org/W2123561714","https://openalex.org/W2152035679","https://openalex.org/W2155232430","https://openalex.org/W2159922234","https://openalex.org/W2160363801","https://openalex.org/W2170469583","https://openalex.org/W2171398834","https://openalex.org/W2316970164","https://openalex.org/W2337742529","https://openalex.org/W2765565527","https://openalex.org/W4232951938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765565527","https://openalex.org/W3021858930","https://openalex.org/W2894156089","https://openalex.org/W2114665090","https://openalex.org/W2981792783","https://openalex.org/W3023701859","https://openalex.org/W2535678206","https://openalex.org/W7097953809","https://openalex.org/W2409500992","https://openalex.org/W2208262108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bile":[0],"acids":[1,4,10,22,33,64,74,97,123,142,163],"are":[2,11,43,51,75,143,164],"steroidal":[3],"found":[5,60],"in":[6,18,61,83],"bile.":[7],"Primary":[8],"bile":[9,32,45,48,63,73,78,96,108,116,122,141,162],"steroids":[12],"produced":[13],"via":[14,53,131],"the":[15,21,57,66,84,99,102,113,127,147,157],"liver,":[16],"specifically":[17],"peroxisomes.":[19],"There,":[20],"conjugate/connect":[23],"to":[24,125,165],"hydrophilic":[25],"amino":[26],"acids,":[27,38,49],"namely":[28],"glycine/taurine":[29],"(i.e.,":[30],"conjugated":[31],"called":[34],"glycocholic":[35],"and":[36,79,152,172],"taurocholic":[37],"respectively);":[39],"alongside":[40],"sodium/potassium,":[41],"they":[42],"termed":[44],"salts.":[46],"Secondary":[47],"however,":[50],"made":[52],"colonic":[54],"bacteria.":[55],"Of":[56],"organic":[58],"compounds":[59],"bile,":[62],"constitute":[65],"large":[67],"majority.":[68],"Right":[69],"after":[70],"being":[71],"synthesized,":[72],"secreted":[76],"into":[77,98,138],"concentrated":[80],"for":[81,146],"storage":[82],"gallbladder.":[85],"Eating":[86],"then":[87],"stimulates":[88],"cholecystokinin":[89],"release,":[90],"which":[91,135],"causes":[92],"gallbladder":[93],"contraction--releasing":[94],"its":[95,132],"duodenum":[100],"through":[101],"sphincter":[103],"of":[104,121,129,161],"Oddi.":[105],"The":[106,118],"more":[107],"acid":[109],"that":[110,115],"gets":[111],"secreted,":[112],"faster":[114],"flows.":[117],"primary":[119],"purpose":[120],"is":[124],"facilitate":[126],"digestion":[128],"fat":[130],"surfactant":[133],"properties,":[134],"emulsify":[136,167],"fats":[137],"micelles.":[139],"Hormonally,":[140],"also":[144],"ligands":[145],"farnesoid":[148],"X":[149],"receptor":[150],"(FXR)":[151],"GPBAR1":[153],"(TGR5).":[154],"In":[155],"sum,":[156],"three":[158],"main":[159],"functions":[160],"(1)":[166],"fat,":[168],"(2)":[169],"excrete":[170],"cholesterol,":[171],"(3)":[173],"have":[174],"an":[175],"antimicrobial":[176],"effect.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}