{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994562001","doi":null,"title":"The healthy immigrant effect and mortality rates.","display_name":"The healthy immigrant effect and mortality rates.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994562001","mag":"2994562001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22352149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:22352149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22352149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046192263","display_name":"Edward Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-9922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-9922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319815248","display_name":"Statistics Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05k71ja87","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319815248"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Analysis Division at Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6. edward.ng@statcan.gc.ca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Analysis Division at Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6. edward.ng@statcan.gc.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319815248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046192263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319815248"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":139,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97480069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"25","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.07509999722242355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.045499999076128006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthy-immigrant-effect","display_name":"healthy immigrant effect","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-mortality","display_name":"immigrant mortality","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-standardized-mortality-rates","display_name":"age-standardized mortality rates","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-effects","display_name":"duration effects","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-mortality","display_name":"sex differences in mortality","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-born-population","display_name":"foreign-born population","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrants-in-the-united-states","display_name":"United States immigrants","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-african-migrants","display_name":"sub-Saharan African migrants","score":0.984000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.8270835280418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.8203524351119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.790274977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6679567694664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.5382347702980042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5335225462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.479645311832428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4280354082584381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.345918744802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.05665358901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054242","descriptor_name":"Emigrants and Immigrants","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:22352149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22352149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2994562001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22352149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968627007","https://openalex.org/W2548847881","https://openalex.org/W2143561057","https://openalex.org/W2177976514","https://openalex.org/W2802241698","https://openalex.org/W7204250053","https://openalex.org/W2074718861","https://openalex.org/W2090555103","https://openalex.org/W7005821090","https://openalex.org/W4242590011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,16,63,108],"the":[2,6,61,79,90,93,99,114,138],"2006":[3],"Census,":[4],"almost":[5],"Canadian":[7],"population":[8],"were":[9],"foreign-born,":[10],"a":[11,32,70,75,124],"percentage":[12],"that":[13,109],"is":[14],"projected":[15],"reach":[17],"at":[18,78,89],"least":[19],"25%":[20],"by":[21],"2031.":[22],"Studies":[23],"based":[24,59],"on":[25,60],"age-standardized":[26],"mortality":[27,49,66,84,94],"rates":[28,39],"(ASMR)":[29],"have":[30],"found":[31],"healthy":[33,71,125],"immigrant":[34,72,126],"effect,":[35],"with":[36],"lower":[37],"overall":[38],"among":[40,96,131,134],"immigrants.":[41],"A":[42],"duration":[43,76],"effect":[44,73,77,127],"has":[45],"also":[46],"been":[47],"observed-immigrants'":[48],"advantage":[50],"lessened":[51],"as":[52],"their":[53],"time":[54],"in":[55],"Canada":[56],"increased.":[57],"ASMRs":[58],"1991":[62],"2001":[64],"census":[65],"follow-up":[67],"study":[68],"indicate":[69],"and":[74,102,122],"national":[80,91],"level":[81],"for":[82,85],"all-cause":[83],"both":[86],"sexes.":[87],"However,":[88],"level,":[92],"rate":[95],"women":[97,132],"from":[98,103,137],"United":[100,139],"States":[101,140],"Sub-Saharan":[104,142],"Africa":[105],"was":[106,128],"similar":[107],"of":[110],"Canadian-born":[111],"women.":[112],"For":[113],"three":[115],"largest":[116],"Census":[117],"Metropolitan":[118],"Areas":[119],"(Toronto,":[120],"Montreal":[121],"Vancouver),":[123],"not":[129],"observed":[130],"or":[133,141],"most":[135],"men":[136],"Africa.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}