{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993985891","doi":null,"title":"Confusion about entrepreneurship? Formal versus informal small businesses","display_name":"Confusion about entrepreneurship? Formal versus informal small businesses","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993985891","mag":"2993985891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.955.8962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.955.8962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sabr/article/download/110927/100687/","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/faculties/service_dept/docs/Sabview_17_3_Chap%203.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027402997","display_name":"A A Ligthelm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A A Ligthelm","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Africa;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Africa;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027402997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96222788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"57","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.0625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business-growth","display_name":"small business growth","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovative-entrepreneurship","display_name":"innovative entrepreneurship","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-formation","display_name":"business formation","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-sustainability","display_name":"corporate sustainability","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business-support-policy","display_name":"small business support policy","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9539999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.8395634889602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.6954642534255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1109680","display_name":"Small business","level":2,"score":0.5921056270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64089585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944235","display_name":"Informal sector","level":2,"score":0.5853925943374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5766616463661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5170943737030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4802582561969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4648641049861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.43633610010147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4338226318359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134632028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134482","display_name":"Sustainable growth rate","level":2,"score":0.4138692319393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3431413769721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.31979191303253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.14450111985206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.955.8962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.955.8962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajol.info/index.php/sabr/article/download/110927/100687/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2993985891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/faculties/service_dept/docs/Sabview_17_3_Chap%203.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696161","display_name":"Southern African Business Review","issn_l":"1998-8125","issn":["1998-8125"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","jpps-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315323","host_organization_name":"Unisa Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Unisa Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Southern African Business Review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2993985891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/faculties/service_dept/docs/Sabview_17_3_Chap%203.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696161","display_name":"Southern African Business Review","issn_l":"1998-8125","issn":["1998-8125"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","jpps-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315323","host_organization_name":"Unisa Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Unisa Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Southern African Business Review","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494445074","https://openalex.org/W1500368012","https://openalex.org/W1969084746","https://openalex.org/W1973685739","https://openalex.org/W1987747855","https://openalex.org/W2000860535","https://openalex.org/W2006100759","https://openalex.org/W2010542161","https://openalex.org/W2023591708","https://openalex.org/W2029077406","https://openalex.org/W2042200666","https://openalex.org/W2067718593","https://openalex.org/W2075234014","https://openalex.org/W2075748664","https://openalex.org/W2097606767","https://openalex.org/W2098098981","https://openalex.org/W2105797741","https://openalex.org/W2130304064","https://openalex.org/W2133788948","https://openalex.org/W2145185408","https://openalex.org/W2155462166","https://openalex.org/W2158151570","https://openalex.org/W2187841782","https://openalex.org/W2261425793","https://openalex.org/W2297911464","https://openalex.org/W2338784329","https://openalex.org/W2339599090","https://openalex.org/W2341544654","https://openalex.org/W2782918873","https://openalex.org/W3122253057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607956981","https://openalex.org/W3210302239","https://openalex.org/W2075153676","https://openalex.org/W141112652","https://openalex.org/W3122398267","https://openalex.org/W2954783331","https://openalex.org/W81490864","https://openalex.org/W3195256431","https://openalex.org/W3177206461","https://openalex.org/W3021141138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"9A":[0],"focus":[1,143],"on":[2,6,144],"supply-side":[3],"economics":[4],"and":[5,30,41,45,58,73,100,121,150,157,170],"factors":[7],"determining":[8],"economic":[9,20,161,172],"growth":[10,39,85,115],"is":[11,23,34,96],"prominent":[12],"in":[13,26,54,70,164],"seeking":[14],"sustainable":[15],"solutions":[16],"to":[17,155],"sluggish":[18],"international":[19],"growth.":[21,31,173],"There":[22],"renewed":[24],"interest":[25],"entrepreneurship,":[27],"business":[28,90,95,125,139,177,181],"formation":[29],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"aimed":[35],"at":[36],"contrasting":[37,65],"the":[38,50,66,83,152,165],"performance":[40],"prospects":[42],"of":[43,52,114,167],"informal":[44,72,94,179],"formal":[46,74,109],"small":[47,71,108,176],"businesses,":[48],"particularly":[49],"role":[51],"entrepreneurship":[53,81,127],"this":[55],"regard.":[56],"Descriptive":[57],"econometric":[59],"modelling":[60],"techniques":[61],"are":[62],"employed.":[63],"In":[64],"entrepreneurial":[67,105,119,148],"acumen":[68,149],"embedded":[69,147],"business,":[75],"it":[76],"was":[77],"found":[78],"that":[79],"innovative":[80,160],"represents":[82],"primary":[84],"differentiator":[86],"between":[87],"these":[88],"two":[89],"categories.":[91],"The":[92,123],"average":[93],"established":[97],"for":[98,133],"survival,":[99],"its":[101],"owner":[102],"lacks":[103],"natural":[104],"acumen,":[106],"while":[107],"businesses":[110,145],"show":[111],"higher":[112,171],"levels":[113],"instigated":[116],"by":[117],"an":[118],"spirit":[120],"mindset.":[122],"formal-to-informal":[124],"or":[126],"dichotomy":[128],"creates":[129],"a":[130],"useful":[131],"distinction":[132],"informing":[134],"government":[135],"policy":[136],"choices.":[137],"Small":[138],"support":[140],"strategies":[141],"should":[142],"with":[146],"hence":[151],"inherent":[153],"dynamics":[154],"create":[156],"exploit":[158],"new":[159],"opportunities":[162,169],"resulting":[163],"creation":[166],"employment":[168],"10Key":[174],"words:":[175],"development,":[178],"sector,":[180],"sustainability":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}
