{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993668351","doi":null,"title":"Evidence of adverse selection in Iranian supplementary health insurance market.","display_name":"Evidence of adverse selection in Iranian supplementary health insurance market.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993668351","mag":"2993668351","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23113209","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3469008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2475745","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3469008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3469008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113443072","display_name":"Ghadir Mahdavi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200432940","display_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cc4gc68","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gh Mahdavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECO College of Insurance, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECO College of Insurance, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Z Izadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z Izadi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80276855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"7","first_page":"44","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.8105000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.8105000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.14000000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-selection","display_name":"adverse selection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplementary-health-insurance","display_name":"supplementary health insurance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iran","display_name":"Iran","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-asymmetry","display_name":"information asymmetry","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-claims","display_name":"insurance claims","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-heterogeneity","display_name":"risk heterogeneity","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-and-income-effects","display_name":"income and education effects","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-market","display_name":"health insurance market","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32252159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380037","display_name":"Adverse selection","level":2,"score":0.9251233339309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.7067186832427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4430244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611238","display_name":"Group insurance","level":5,"score":0.6726664900779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983635472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334911","display_name":"Health insurance","level":3,"score":0.64656001329422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5957399606704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5296411514282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47698622941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.47118356823921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4614696502685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62172701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826138","display_name":"Auto insurance risk selection","level":4,"score":0.4440236985683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29513703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398174","display_name":"Key person insurance","level":3,"score":0.3774346709251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.3735331892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2796211838722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27395740151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14293393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663825","display_name":"General insurance","level":3,"score":0.2648856043815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25935637950897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101615574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17055997","display_name":"Income protection insurance","level":4,"score":0.19006457924842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12979644536972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10380664467811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08444973826408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.07294711470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2475745","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3469008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23113209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23113209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3469008","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3469008/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.810.8935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.810.8935","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/b1/b6/ijph-41-44.PMC3469008.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.840.8488","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.840.8488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/86320120707.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d7355aafcbd44f7909d178335135b8e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d7355aafcbd44f7909d178335135b8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 41, Iss 7, Pp 44-52 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:534382d42729479283de55708ee8efed","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/534382d42729479283de55708ee8efed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 41, Iss 7 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2993668351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23113209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2475745","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3469008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969440363","https://openalex.org/W1980795160","https://openalex.org/W1996182914","https://openalex.org/W2008015287","https://openalex.org/W2044293638","https://openalex.org/W2054375428","https://openalex.org/W2097456787","https://openalex.org/W2121034459","https://openalex.org/W2135788953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119384472","https://openalex.org/W2151467249","https://openalex.org/W2902475039","https://openalex.org/W7125575028","https://openalex.org/W2062751507","https://openalex.org/W2907933032","https://openalex.org/W2275231314","https://openalex.org/W4289730167","https://openalex.org/W2071728965","https://openalex.org/W2270804772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Existence":[1],"or":[2],"non-existence":[3],"of":[4,12,27,30,34,54,72,92,134,172,175],"adverse":[5,35,55,118,176],"selection":[6,24,36,56,119,177],"in":[7,57,65,86,121,178],"insurance":[8,43,61,100,125,143,182],"market":[9,62,126],"is":[10,25,63,127,153],"one":[11,26],"the":[13,28,42,90,106,117,170,173],"important":[14],"cases":[15],"that":[16,38],"have":[17],"always":[18],"been":[19],"considered":[20],"by":[21],"insurers.":[22],"Adverse":[23],"consequences":[29],"asymmetric":[31],"information.":[32],"Theory":[33],"states":[37],"high-risk":[39],"individuals":[40,49,75],"demand":[41],"service":[44],"more":[45],"than":[46,148],"low":[47],"risk":[48],"do.":[50],"METHODS:":[51],"The":[52,68],"presence":[53,174],"Iran's":[58],"supplementary":[59,123,141,163,180],"health":[60,99,115,124,142,164,181],"tested":[64],"this":[66],"paper.":[67],"study":[69],"group":[70],"consists":[71],"420":[73],"practitioner":[74],"aged":[76],"20":[77],"to":[78,88,97,113,161],"59.":[79],"We":[80],"estimate":[81],"two":[82],"logistic":[83],"regression":[84],"models":[85],"order":[87],"determine":[89],"effect":[91],"individual's":[93],"characteristics":[94],"on":[95],"decision":[96,112,160],"purchase":[98,114,139,162],"coverage":[101],"and":[102,111,136,144,151,159],"loss":[103],"occurrence.":[104],"Using":[105],"correlation":[107,155],"between":[108,156],"claim":[109,157],"occurrence":[110,158],"insurance,":[116],"problem":[120],"Iranian":[122,179],"examined.":[128],"RESULTS:":[129],"Individuals":[130],"with":[131],"higher":[132],"level":[133,138],"education":[135],"income":[137],"less":[140],"make":[145,150],"fewer":[146],"claims":[147],"others":[149],"there":[152],"positive":[154],"insurance.":[165],"CONCLUSION:":[166],"Our":[167],"findings":[168],"prove":[169],"evidence":[171],"market.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}