{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993631384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","title":"Ministerial Influence at the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board: The Case for Institutional Bias","display_name":"Ministerial Influence at the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board: The Case for Institutional Bias","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993631384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","mag":"2993631384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","pdf_url":"https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/download/34352/31259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765022498","display_name":"Refuge Canada s Journal on Refuge","issn_l":"0229-5113","issn":["0229-5113","1920-7336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313002","host_organization_name":"York University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["York University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/download/34352/31259","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053852150","display_name":"Jacqueline Bonisteel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Bonisteel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa & Carleton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa & Carleton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053852150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931","https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55901794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"103","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.47049999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.47049999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.290800005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.059300001710653305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-bias","display_name":"institutional bias","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ministerial-influence","display_name":"ministerial influence","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-discretion","display_name":"executive discretion","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-claimants","display_name":"refugee claimants","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/czech-refugees","display_name":"Czech refugees","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canadian-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms","display_name":"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section-7","display_name":"Section 7","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-status-determination","display_name":"refugee status determination","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-policy","display_name":"immigration policy","score":0.3149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.8361400365829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.8272913694381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.6489075422286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6482861042022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5805933475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777558666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48782465","display_name":"Immigration reform","level":4,"score":0.5110396146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.47727149724960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111141941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218719","display_name":"Immigration policy","level":3,"score":0.43231523036956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.42822009325027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","pdf_url":"https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/download/34352/31259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765022498","display_name":"Refuge Canada s Journal on Refuge","issn_l":"0229-5113","issn":["0229-5113","1920-7336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313002","host_organization_name":"York University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["York University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d7c12b433984bd3be9c345cb8d32b3f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d7c12b433984bd3be9c345cb8d32b3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Refuge, Vol 27, Iss 1 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25071/1920-7336.34352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.34352","pdf_url":"https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/download/34352/31259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765022498","display_name":"Refuge Canada s Journal on Refuge","issn_l":"0229-5113","issn":["0229-5113","1920-7336"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313002","host_organization_name":"York University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["York University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2993631384.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2993631384.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592476571","https://openalex.org/W2761321296","https://openalex.org/W2781920096","https://openalex.org/W2992371036","https://openalex.org/W3003883137","https://openalex.org/W4200291212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500311722","https://openalex.org/W2153602811","https://openalex.org/W2108825925","https://openalex.org/W99963802","https://openalex.org/W3124376722","https://openalex.org/W2991372964","https://openalex.org/W7052970512","https://openalex.org/W1584983165","https://openalex.org/W2994822476","https://openalex.org/W1957599729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,22,33,42,54,75,83,97,111,119,131],"implications":[4],"of":[5,24,44,61,77,104,130],"Canada\u2019s":[6],"Immigration":[7,45],"Minister":[8],"Jason":[9],"Kenney\u2019s":[10],"July":[11],"2009":[12],"comments":[13,99],"on":[14],"Mexican":[15],"and":[16,46,85,88],"Czech":[17],"refugee":[18,86],"claimants":[19],"that":[20,32,53,74,96],"accompanied":[21],"imposition":[23],"visas":[25],"for":[26],"these":[27],"two":[28],"countries.":[29],"I":[30,72,94],"argue":[31],"Minister\u2019s":[34,98],"comments,":[35],"in":[36,69],"concert":[37],"with":[38],"his":[39],"control":[40],"over":[41,115],"tenure":[43],"Refugee":[47],"Board":[48,55],"members,":[49],"substantiate":[50],"a":[51,102],"claim":[52],"is":[56],"institutionally":[57],"biased.":[58],"While":[59],"allegations":[60],"institutional":[62,125],"bias":[63,126],"have":[64,100],"not":[65],"fared":[66],"particularly":[67],"well":[68],"Canadian":[70],"courts,":[71],"contend":[73],"applicability":[76],"section":[78],"7":[79],"Charter":[80],"rights":[81],"distinguishes":[82],"immigration":[84],"context,":[87],"makes":[89],"success":[90],"more":[91],"probable.":[92],"Specifically,":[93],"posit":[95],"opened":[101],"window":[103],"opportunity":[105],"to":[106,110,123],"bring":[107],"an":[108],"end":[109],"executive\u2019s":[112],"unfettered":[113],"discretion":[114],"IRB":[116],"reappointments,":[117],"since":[118],"most":[120],"effective":[121],"remedy":[122],"address":[124],"would":[127],"be":[128],"amendment":[129],"reappointment":[132],"process.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-11T09:22:31.653822","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}
