{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993586229","doi":null,"title":"Prevalence, virulence genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of Shiga-toxigenic E.coli in diarrhoea patients from Kitale, Kenya","display_name":"Prevalence, virulence genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of Shiga-toxigenic E.coli in diarrhoea patients from Kitale, Kenya","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993586229","mag":"2993586229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2993586229","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/download/191612/180768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72541820","display_name":"African Journal of Health Sciences","issn_l":"1022-9272","issn":["1022-9272","2306-1987"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Health Sciences","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/download/191612/180768","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064885246","display_name":"J.R. Too","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Too","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071335661","display_name":"Moses M. Ngari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-5491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-5491"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses M. Ngari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-5491","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004130177","display_name":"Gideon Mutie Kikuvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3117-9023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3117-9023"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gideon Kikuvi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3117-9023","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110653997","display_name":"Elizabeth  Jemaiyo Matey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Matey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026576038","display_name":"J. Koima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Koima","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021534706","display_name":"J. Chebii","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Chebii","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110688854","display_name":"Peter Wanzala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Wanzala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001854777","display_name":"Michael Kibet Kiptoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-2449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-2449"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kiptoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-2449","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110085764","display_name":"W. A. Githui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Githui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109615393","display_name":"W.K. Sang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2141-1127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2141-1127"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.K. Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2710874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"105","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10943","display_name":"Escherichia coli research studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shiga-toxin-producing-escherichia-coli","display_name":"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrheal-illness","display_name":"diarrheal illness","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence-genes","display_name":"virulence genes","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stx1","display_name":"stx1","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stx2","display_name":"stx2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hlya","display_name":"hlyA","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eaea","display_name":"eaeA","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attaching-and-effacing","display_name":"attaching and effacing","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome","display_name":"hemolytic uremic syndrome","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhagic-colitis","display_name":"hemorrhagic colitis","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foodborne-illness","display_name":"food poisoning","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplex-pcr-detection","display_name":"multiplex PCR detection","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.831114649772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.7089675664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6472344398498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.6001695990562439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781001907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17916976","display_name":"STX2","level":5,"score":0.5959985256195068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.516992449760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778411228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424753","display_name":"Shiga toxin","level":4,"score":0.5007667541503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90583042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952456","display_name":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction","level":4,"score":0.4797055125236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.44781965017318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36550313234329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.2992919683456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.22590205073356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1939246654510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.18678244948387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2993586229","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/download/191612/180768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72541820","display_name":"African Journal of Health Sciences","issn_l":"1022-9272","issn":["1022-9272","2306-1987"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Health Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2993586229","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/download/191612/180768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72541820","display_name":"African Journal of Health Sciences","issn_l":"1022-9272","issn":["1022-9272","2306-1987"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Health Sciences","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207408754","https://openalex.org/W2770467032","https://openalex.org/W4404939851","https://openalex.org/W3127663153","https://openalex.org/W2097519732","https://openalex.org/W4391511709","https://openalex.org/W2182133648","https://openalex.org/W4226456793","https://openalex.org/W2189453880","https://openalex.org/W3034559644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Shiga":[1,127],"toxin-producing":[2],"Escherichia":[3,397],"coli":[4,398],"(STEC)":[5],"are":[6],"among":[7,73,156,202,320],"the":[8,62,102,151,199,216,225,229,332,336,362],"most":[9,200,226,259,363],"important":[10],"causes":[11],"of":[12,40,64,153,164,189,270,351],"food-borne":[13],"diseases.":[14],"They":[15],"cause":[16],"illnesses":[17],"ranging":[18],"from":[19,89],"mild":[20],"diarrhea":[21],"to":[22,29,99,144,280,324,344,367,386],"more":[23],"severe":[24],"conditions":[25],"that":[26,384],"may":[27,379],"progress":[28],"hemorrhagic":[30],"colitis":[31],"(HC)":[32],"and":[33,70,96,106,136,138,196,215,244,253,268,301,348,378],"hemolytic":[34],"uremic":[35],"syndrome":[36],"(HUS).":[37],"The":[38,187,208,232],"burden":[39],"STEC":[41,146,154,197,230,256,321,352],"in":[42,47,101,228,249,255,373],"patients":[43,74,90],"with":[44],"diarrheal":[45,94],"illness":[46,79,95],"Kitale":[48,81,403],"county":[49],"referral":[50,405],"hospital,":[51],"Trans-Nzoia":[52],"County":[53,82,404],"had":[54,97],"not":[55],"been":[56],"established.":[57],"Objectives:":[59],"To":[60],"determine":[61],"prevalence":[63,188],"STEC,":[65],"its":[66],"associated":[67],"virulence":[68,147,233,358],"genes":[69,234,359],"antimicrobial":[71,401],"resistance":[72,279,323,338,366],"seeking":[75,91],"treatment":[76,92],"for":[77,93,108,150,307],"diarrhoeal":[78],"at":[80,339],"Referral":[83],"Hospital.":[84],"Methods:":[86],"Stool":[87],"samples":[88],"consented":[98],"participate":[100],"study":[103],"were":[104,116,142,167,178,185,224,371],"collected":[105],"cultured":[107],"enteric":[109],"bacteria.":[110],"Suspect":[111],"E.coli":[113,158,192,204,310,375],"isolates":[115,257,312,319,377],"further":[117,388],"identified":[118],"using":[119],"conventional":[120],"biochemical":[121],"methods.":[122],"Conventional":[123],"multiplex":[124],"PCR":[125],"targeting":[126],"toxins":[128],"(":[129,235,271,355],"stx1,":[130],"stx":[131],"2":[132,211,221,240,265,275],",":[133,238,241],"hlyA":[134],"attaching":[137],"effacing":[139],"mechanisms":[140],"(eaeA)":[141],"used":[143],"detect":[145],"markers":[148],"responsible":[149],"Pathogenicity":[152],"infection":[155],"other":[157],"pathotypes.":[159],"Results:":[161],"A":[162],"total":[163],"295":[165],"participants":[166],"enrolled;":[168],"median":[169],"age":[170],"120":[171],"months":[172],"(IQR:":[173],"36-312).":[174],"39":[175],"%(":[176],"115)":[177],"children":[179],"aged":[180],"<5yearsof":[181],"whom":[182],"54%":[183],"(160)":[184],"females.":[186],"pathogenic":[190],"was":[194,198,262,331,353,361],"19%56/295":[195],"prevalent":[201,227],"pathotypes":[206],"at5.4%16/295.":[207],"Stx":[210,218,236,239,264,272],"gene":[214,261],"1":[219,237,273],"/Stx":[220],"/hly":[222],"Acombination":[223],"strains.":[231],"eaeA*":[242],"HlyA*":[246],")were":[247],"observed":[248,372],"13,":[250],"19,":[251],"9":[252],"14":[254],"respectively.The":[258],"common":[260],"combinations":[269],"+Stx":[274],"+hlyA":[276],")genes.":[277],"Antimicrobial":[278],"commonly":[281,368],"prescribed":[282,369],"antibiotics:":[283],"chloramphenicol,":[284],"ampicillin":[285],"10\u03bcg,":[286],"erythromycin15\u03bcg,":[287],"gentamicin10\u03bcg,":[288],"ciprofloxacin":[289],"5\u03bcg,":[290],"tetracycline":[291],"30\u03bcg,":[292],"Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole":[293],"25":[294],"\u03bcg,":[295,298],"Cefotaxime":[296],"30":[297,304],"furazolidine":[299],"(8\u03bcg)":[300],"nalidixic":[302],"acid":[303],"\u03bcg.":[305],"were\u00a0observed":[306],"all":[308],"except":[313],"one":[314],"(1.8%;":[315],"95%":[316,341],"CI=0.1-9.6%).":[317],"No":[318],"showed":[322],"Furazolidine":[325],"drug.":[326],"However,":[327],"Trimethoprim":[328],"/":[329],"Sulphurmethoxazole)":[330],"drug":[333],"which":[334],"exhibited":[335],"highest":[337],"(94%,":[340],"CI":[342],"70":[343],"99%).":[345],"Conclusion":[347],"recommendation:":[349],"Prevalence":[350],"5.4%,":[354],"Stx1/Stx2/hlyA":[356],")":[357],"combination":[360],"common.":[364],"High":[365],"antibiotics":[370],"be":[380,387],"an":[381],"existing":[382],"problem":[383],"needs":[385],"research":[389],"investigation.":[390],"Keywords:":[393],"Shiga-Toxigenic":[395],"(STEC),":[400],"resistance,":[402],"hospital":[406],"Afr":[409],"J":[410],"Health":[411],"Sci":[412],".":[413],"2017;":[414],"30(2):105-119":[415]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}
