{"id":"https://openalex.org/W29934935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst56-573","title":"Preliminary Safety Analysis of ITER","display_name":"Preliminary Safety Analysis of ITER","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W29934935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst56-573","mag":"29934935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13182/fst56-573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst56-573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst56-573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104092111","display_name":"Fusion Science & Technology","issn_l":"1536-1055","issn":["1536-1055","1943-7641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fusion Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109251149","display_name":"N. Taylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neill Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082554983","display_name":"Dennis Baker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108520920","display_name":"Vladimir Barabash","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Barabash","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070137522","display_name":"S. Ciattaglia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Ciattaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079143344","display_name":"Jo\u00eblle Elbez-Uzan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110641","display_name":"CEA Cadarache","ror":"https://ror.org/01rs1gy10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210110641"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00eblle Elbez-Uzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agence ITER France, CEA Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agence ITER France, CEA Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210110641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031857493","display_name":"J.P. Girard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Philippe Girard","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051252193","display_name":"C. Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["AMEC NSS, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X6"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AMEC NSS, 700 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X6","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Markus Iseli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Iseli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027322697","display_name":"Henri Maubert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110641","display_name":"CEA Cadarache","ror":"https://ror.org/01rs1gy10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210110641"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henri Maubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization (now at CEA) Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization (now at CEA) Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210110641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106820515","display_name":"Susana Reyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1608-5336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1608-5336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001447658","display_name":"Leonid N. Topilski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","display_name":"ITER","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonid Topilski","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITER Organization, Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106530797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"573","last_page":"580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.6044999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.6044999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13923","display_name":"Nuclear and radioactivity studies","score":0.17180000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.09849999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iter","display_name":"ITER","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-reactor-safety","display_name":"fusion reactor safety","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-case","display_name":"safety case","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tritium-confinement","display_name":"tritium confinement","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-in-depth","display_name":"defense-in-depth","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alara","display_name":"ALARA","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-normal-events","display_name":"off-normal events","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-sequence-analysis","display_name":"event sequence analysis","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-isolation","display_name":"seismic isolation","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licensing","display_name":"licensing","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-exposure","display_name":"radiation exposure","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact","display_name":"environmental impact","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5227285027503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49562084674835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49242103099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.4865919351577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.43712836503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41468101739883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.16603925824165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16118881106376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15308791399002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1508883237838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13182/fst56-573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst56-573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/fst56-573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104092111","display_name":"Fusion Science & Technology","issn_l":"1536-1055","issn":["1536-1055","1943-7641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fusion Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993737016","https://openalex.org/W2311404117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010002734","https://openalex.org/W80542772","https://openalex.org/W2011958630","https://openalex.org/W2791336805","https://openalex.org/W2038924882","https://openalex.org/W2163834969","https://openalex.org/W28386927","https://openalex.org/W649781976","https://openalex.org/W2093066832","https://openalex.org/W1972623642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,22,81,131,200,242],"support":[3],"the":[4,8,23,46,56,61,67,82,97,111,143,163,166,188,233,244],"licensing":[5],"application":[6],"for":[7,179,231],"ITER":[9,57,64],"facility":[10],"at":[11],"Cadarache,":[12],"a":[13,119],"preliminary":[14],"safety":[15,26,47,62,69,99],"case":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"prepared":[19],"and":[20,50,85,101,116,141,176,190,222],"submitted":[21],"French":[24],"nuclear":[25],"authorities.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"provides":[30,162],"an":[31,43,247],"overview":[32],"of":[33,36,45,55,60,63,71,92,122,145,156,158,168,211,246],"technical":[34],"aspects":[35],"this":[37],"case,":[38],"which":[39],"is":[40,95,103,129,198,236],"based":[41],"on":[42,238],"evolution":[44],"approach":[48,128,197],"developed":[49],"applied":[51],"in":[52,110,126,138],"earlier":[53],"phases":[54],"project.The":[58],"basis":[59],"derives":[65],"from":[66,220],"fundamental":[68],"characteristics":[70],"fusion.":[72],"The":[73,90],"potential":[74,209],"radiological":[75],"hazards":[76,218],"that":[77,133,142,165,177],"arise":[78],"are":[79,136,151,171,225],"related":[80],"tritium":[83],"fuel":[84],"material":[86],"activated":[87],"by":[88,106],"neutrons.":[89],"confinement":[91,123],"these":[93],"materials":[94],"therefore":[96],"principal":[98],"function,":[100],"it":[102],"reliably":[104],"provided":[105],"robust":[107],"barriers":[108],"inherent":[109],"design":[112,229],"together":[113],"with":[114,228],"filtering":[115],"detritiation":[117],"as":[118,205,207,215],"secondary":[120],"level":[121],"provision.A":[124],"Defense":[125],"Depth":[127],"taken":[130,199],"ensure":[132],"off-normal":[134],"events":[135,181],"minimized":[137],"their":[139],"frequency,":[140],"consequences":[144,167],"accidents,":[146],"even":[147,178],"though":[148],"extremely":[149],"unlikely,":[150],"limited.":[152,194],"A":[153],"comprehensive":[154],"set":[155],"analyses":[157],"postulated":[159],"event":[160],"sequences":[161],"demonstration":[164],"enveloping":[169],"scenarios":[170],"well":[172,206],"within":[173],"acceptable":[174],"limits,":[175],"hypothetical":[180],"involving":[182],"two":[183],"or":[184],"more":[185],"independent":[186],"failures,":[187],"public":[189],"environmental":[191],"impacts":[192,210],"remain":[193],"An":[195],"ALARA":[196],"minimizing":[201],"occupational":[202],"radiation":[203],"exposure,":[204],"other":[208],"normal":[212],"operation":[213],"such":[214],"routine":[216],"releases.Other":[217],"arising":[219],"internal":[221],"external":[223],"risks":[224],"also":[226],"considered,":[227],"provisions,":[230],"example":[232],"Tokamak":[234],"building":[235],"built":[237],"seismic":[239],"isolation":[240],"pads":[241],"minimise":[243],"effect":[245],"earthquake.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}