{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993401748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","title":"Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Disruption of Autoimmune-Associated Genes Reveals Key Signaling Programs in Primary Human T Cells","display_name":"Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Disruption of Autoimmune-Associated Genes Reveals Key Signaling Programs in Primary Human T Cells","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993401748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","mag":"2993401748","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722988","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6904544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6904544","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Warren Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-5233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-5233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262941","display_name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00cz0md82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295499534","https://openalex.org/I4405262941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Warren Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98101","Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-5233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027765136","display_name":"Jerill Thorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-5028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-5028"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012615","display_name":"Benaroya Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04j9rp686","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802797007","https://openalex.org/I4210118434","https://openalex.org/I4391012615"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerill Thorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason , Seattle, WA 98101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason , Seattle, WA 98101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055943543","display_name":"Sarah Alice Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-1240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-1240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012615","display_name":"Benaroya Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04j9rp686","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802797007","https://openalex.org/I4210118434","https://openalex.org/I4391012615"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Alice Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason , Seattle, WA 98101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason , Seattle, WA 98101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012615"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027470095","display_name":"David J. Rawlings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-1776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-1776","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-4772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262941","display_name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00cz0md82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295499534","https://openalex.org/I4405262941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J Rawlings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98101","\u00b6Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109","Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98109","\u00a7Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-1776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4405262941"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83700049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"203","issue":"12","first_page":"3166","last_page":"3178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.5346999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.5346999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12104","display_name":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases","score":0.2709999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.1476999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crispr-cas9-gene-disruption","display_name":"CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptpn22","display_name":"PTPN22","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptpn2","display_name":"PTPN2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-t-cells","display_name":"CD4+ T cells","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-2-receptor-signaling","display_name":"IL-2 receptor signaling","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-receptor-signaling","display_name":"antigen receptor signaling","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-receptor-signaling","display_name":"cytokine receptor signaling","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.34200000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7587581872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6535722613334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98108389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412563","display_name":"CRISPR","level":3,"score":0.6461412906646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.6077784299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3888227","display_name":"PTPN22","level":5,"score":0.5586559772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.5564941763877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144501496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533489","display_name":"Genome editing","level":4,"score":0.5521407127380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4976966679096222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.48919442296028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105951970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036748","display_name":"Loss function","level":4,"score":0.4743562936782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.33069175481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.09270450472831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.0872204601764679}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071223","descriptor_name":"Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072669","descriptor_name":"Gene Editing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001782","descriptor_name":"Blood Donors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007376","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011948","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015551","descriptor_name":"Autoimmunity","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051746","descriptor_name":"ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054578","descriptor_name":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054578","descriptor_name":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054596","descriptor_name":"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064113","descriptor_name":"CRISPR-Cas Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1900848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31722988","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6904544","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6904544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Immunol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6904544","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6904544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7997303617","display_name":"An integrated strategy to define the functional and synergistic impact of T1D causal variants","funder_award_id":"DP3DK111802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000858468","display_name":"NRSA Training Core","funder_award_id":"TL1TR002318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163644054","https://openalex.org/W320287986","https://openalex.org/W1505881896","https://openalex.org/W1538131965","https://openalex.org/W1585125753","https://openalex.org/W1674611899","https://openalex.org/W1866959257","https://openalex.org/W1970617519","https://openalex.org/W1973173778","https://openalex.org/W1982603741","https://openalex.org/W1987677365","https://openalex.org/W1990149668","https://openalex.org/W1994402720","https://openalex.org/W1995898275","https://openalex.org/W2002379520","https://openalex.org/W2008649874","https://openalex.org/W2014077667","https://openalex.org/W2016745966","https://openalex.org/W2019670504","https://openalex.org/W2039705224","https://openalex.org/W2040831482","https://openalex.org/W2046383867","https://openalex.org/W2066212718","https://openalex.org/W2070890108","https://openalex.org/W2076780748","https://openalex.org/W2087265576","https://openalex.org/W2091140839","https://openalex.org/W2110709185","https://openalex.org/W2118418739","https://openalex.org/W2129997470","https://openalex.org/W2134783591","https://openalex.org/W2139936109","https://openalex.org/W2164934988","https://openalex.org/W2165052240","https://openalex.org/W2208935474","https://openalex.org/W2229738114","https://openalex.org/W2399227976","https://openalex.org/W2400154936","https://openalex.org/W2497202960","https://openalex.org/W2544753559","https://openalex.org/W2576155338","https://openalex.org/W2594121715","https://openalex.org/W2607541742","https://openalex.org/W2726082284","https://openalex.org/W2734494717","https://openalex.org/W2736476343","https://openalex.org/W2770505353","https://openalex.org/W2784021090","https://openalex.org/W2790984880","https://openalex.org/W2806820493","https://openalex.org/W2807198924","https://openalex.org/W2883007111","https://openalex.org/W2885096157","https://openalex.org/W2885768217","https://openalex.org/W2901713658","https://openalex.org/W2909352392","https://openalex.org/W2949998060","https://openalex.org/W2951012505","https://openalex.org/W2951130888","https://openalex.org/W4210762403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319433412","https://openalex.org/W2901713658","https://openalex.org/W4360813814","https://openalex.org/W1477772792","https://openalex.org/W2889915565","https://openalex.org/W2909352392","https://openalex.org/W7026767710","https://openalex.org/W2040070672","https://openalex.org/W2129730952","https://openalex.org/W2415005409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Risk":[1],"of":[2,35,37,52,75,77,79,96,128,178,183],"autoimmunity":[3,184],"is":[4],"associated":[5],"with":[6,120],"multiple":[7,29],"genetic":[8],"variants.":[9],"Genome-wide":[10],"association":[11],"studies":[12,34,51],"have":[13,186],"linked":[14],"single-nucleotide":[15],"polymorphisms":[16],"in":[17,42,82,102,115,147,191],"the":[18,73,176],"phosphatases":[19],"PTPN22":[20,110],"(rs2476601)":[21],"and":[22,104,111],"PTPN2":[23,129],"(rs1893217)":[24],"to":[25,70,153,189],"increased":[26],"risk":[27,40,182],"for":[28],"autoimmune":[30],"diseases.":[31],"Previous":[32],"mouse":[33,124,193],"loss":[36,76],"function":[38,78],"or":[39,195],"variants":[41],"these":[43],"genes":[44,81,98,117],"revealed":[45,55],"hyperactive":[46,138],"T":[47,86,131,148],"cell":[48],"responses,":[49],"whereas":[50],"human":[53,84,197],"lymphocytes":[54],"contrasting":[56],"phenotypes.":[57],"To":[58],"better":[59],"understand":[60],"this":[61],"dichotomy,":[62],"we":[63,90],"established":[64],"a":[65],"robust":[66],"gene":[67,93],"editing":[68],"platform":[69],"rapidly":[71],"address":[72],"consequences":[74],"candidate":[80],"primary":[83],"CD4+":[85],"cells.":[87],"Using":[88],"CRISPR/Cas9,":[89],"obtained":[91],"efficient":[92],"disruption":[94],"(>80%)":[95],"target":[97],"encoding":[99],"proteins":[100],"involved":[101],"Ag":[103,167],"cytokine":[105],"receptor":[106],"signaling":[107,140],"pathways":[108],"including":[109],"PTPN2.":[112],"Loss-of-function":[113],"data":[114,122],"all":[116],"studied":[118],"correlated":[119],"previous":[121],"from":[123],"models.":[125],"Further":[126],"analyses":[127],"gene\u2013disrupted":[130],"cells":[132,149],"demonstrated":[133],"dynamic":[134],"effects,":[135],"by":[136],"which":[137],"IL-2R":[139],"promoted":[141],"compensatory":[142],"transcriptional":[143],"events,":[144],"eventually":[145],"resulting":[146],"that":[150,158,185],"were":[151],"hyporesponsive":[152],"IL-2.":[154],"These":[155],"results":[156],"imply":[157],"altered":[159],"phosphatase":[160],"activity":[161],"promotes":[162],"evolving":[163],"phenotypes":[164],"based":[165],"on":[166],"experience":[168],"and/or":[169],"other":[170],"programming":[171],"signals.":[172],"This":[173],"approach":[174],"enables":[175],"discovery":[177],"molecular":[179],"mechanisms":[180],"modulating":[181],"been":[187],"difficult":[188],"parse":[190],"traditional":[192],"models":[194],"cross-sectional":[196],"studies.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}
