{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992886306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","title":"Israel's Silicon Wadi","display_name":"Israel's Silicon Wadi","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992886306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","mag":"2992886306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building High-Tech Clusters","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253288718","display_name":"Building High-Tech Clusters"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036666999","display_name":"Catherine de Fontenay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine de Fontenay","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013096204","display_name":"Erran Carmel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-6805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-6805"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erran Carmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.0334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99435364,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"40","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.7437000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.7437000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12636","display_name":"Regional Development and Innovation","score":0.1559000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14467","display_name":"Public Administration, ICT, and Policy Development","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-tech-industry-clusters","display_name":"high-tech industry clusters","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communication-technologies","display_name":"information and communication technologies","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-competitiveness","display_name":"regional competitiveness","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tel-aviv-metropolitan-area","display_name":"Tel Aviv metropolitan area","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-industry","display_name":"software industry","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optics","display_name":"electro-optics","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-technologies","display_name":"internet technologies","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.7185675501823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5808590054512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.541001558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984737752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163820","display_name":"Silicon valley","level":3,"score":0.5030927062034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46595484018325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4455575942993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14391329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745456","display_name":"Business cluster","level":3,"score":0.4280220866203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200965112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187971","display_name":"Wadi","level":2,"score":0.4273780584335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.4217655658721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4149465560913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3308731019496918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10805422067642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08420681953430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.059469789266586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511802911.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Building High-Tech Clusters","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148503771","https://openalex.org/W189676520","https://openalex.org/W592075314","https://openalex.org/W1491038051","https://openalex.org/W1796466560","https://openalex.org/W1955453796","https://openalex.org/W1974198528","https://openalex.org/W1994426640","https://openalex.org/W2007287880","https://openalex.org/W2013386523","https://openalex.org/W2026237062","https://openalex.org/W2028573046","https://openalex.org/W2030287307","https://openalex.org/W2031133810","https://openalex.org/W2032150897","https://openalex.org/W2037154651","https://openalex.org/W2060713769","https://openalex.org/W2060815133","https://openalex.org/W2079257246","https://openalex.org/W2175723005","https://openalex.org/W3124000325","https://openalex.org/W3124898968","https://openalex.org/W3125883168","https://openalex.org/W3215386941","https://openalex.org/W4299953765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611514837","https://openalex.org/W123981195","https://openalex.org/W2393163830","https://openalex.org/W1978078492","https://openalex.org/W2107990306","https://openalex.org/W2469446980","https://openalex.org/W7162958514","https://openalex.org/W3034753638","https://openalex.org/W2165422457","https://openalex.org/W2093087453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0],"clusters":[1],"consist":[2],"of":[3,5,30,48,61,73,87,143,184,219,226,237],"agglomerations":[4],"competing":[6],"and":[7,16,24,102,148,165,204,210,233,244],"collaborating":[8],"industries":[9],"in":[10,104,114,138,170,208],"a":[11,27,71,195],"region":[12],"networking":[13],"into":[14],"horizontal":[15],"vertical":[17],"relationships,":[18],"involving":[19],"strong":[20],"common":[21],"buyer-supplier":[22],"linkages,":[23],"relying":[25],"on":[26],"shared":[28],"foundation":[29],"specialized":[31],"economic":[32],"institutions.":[33],"\u201cCluster":[34],"Based":[35],"Economic":[36,43],"Development:":[37],"A":[38],"Key":[39],"to":[40,68,108,127,159],"Regional":[41],"Competitiveness,\u201d":[42],"Development":[44],"Administration,":[45],"U.S.":[46],"Department":[47],"Commerce,":[49],"October":[50],"1997":[51],"INTRODUCTION:":[52],"ISRAEL":[53],"AS":[54],"AN":[55],"ICT":[56],"CLUSTER":[57],"By":[58],"the":[59,62,85,91,95,109,117,139,157,166,185,216,224,227,231],"end":[60],"1990s":[63],"Israel":[64],"was":[65],"generally":[66],"acknowledged":[67],"have":[69],"developed":[70],"cluster":[72,88,94,229],"high-technology":[74,134],"industries.":[75],"For":[76],"instance,":[77],"Wired":[78],"magazine":[79],"(Hillner":[80],"2000),":[81],"ranking":[82],"locations":[83],"by":[84],"strength":[86],"effects,":[89],"gave":[90],"Israeli":[92,119,217,228],"high-tech":[93,120,196],"same":[96],"rank":[97],"as":[98],"Boston,":[99],"Helsinki,":[100],"London,":[101],"Kista":[103],"Sweden,":[105],"second":[106],"only":[107],"Silicon":[110,187,212],"Valley.":[111],"As":[112],"seen":[113],"Figure":[115],"3.1,":[116],"entire":[118],"industry":[121],"is":[122,136,175,205],"close":[123],"enough":[124],"together,":[125],"geographically,":[126],"be":[128],"considered":[129],"one":[130],"cluster.":[131,222],"Almost":[132],"all":[133],"activity":[135,155],"located":[137],"densely":[140],"populated":[141],"areas":[142,152],"metropolitan":[144],"Tel":[145],"Aviv,":[146],"Haifa,":[147],"Jerusalem.":[149],"Some":[150],"secondary":[151],"with":[153],"additional":[154],"include":[156],"corridor":[158],"Beer":[160],"Sheba,":[161],"including":[162],"Kiryat":[163],"Gat,":[164],"western":[167],"Galilee":[168],"\u2013":[169],"all,":[171],"an":[172],"area":[173],"that":[174],"no":[176],"larger":[177],"than":[178],"6,000":[179],"square":[180],"kilometers,":[181],"perhaps":[182],"half":[183],"extended":[186],"Valley's":[188],"geographical":[189],"coverage.":[190],"Its":[191],"proximity":[192],"has":[193,214],"prompted":[194],"nickname:":[197],"because,":[198],"wadi":[199],"means":[200],"canyon":[201],"or":[202],"gorge":[203],"commonly":[206],"used":[207],"Hebrew":[209],"Arabic,":[211],"Wadi":[213],"become":[215],"moniker":[218],"its":[220],"technology":[221],"At":[223],"core":[225],"lies":[230],"information":[232],"communication":[234],"technologies":[235],"(ICT)":[236],"software,":[238],"data":[239],"communications,":[240],"electro-optics,":[241],"hardware":[242],"design,":[243],"Internet":[245],"technologies.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}