{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992883064","doi":null,"title":"The Role of the Outline in Second Language Composition","display_name":"The Role of the Outline in Second Language Composition","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992883064","mag":"2992883064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2992883064","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-101943710/the-role-of-the-outline-in-second-language-composition","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863161","display_name":"Academic exchange quarterly","issn_l":"1096-1453","issn":["1096-1453"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327894278","host_organization_name":"Rapid Intellect Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327894278"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rapid Intellect Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academic exchange quarterly","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050070452","display_name":"Carolyn Gascoigne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6827"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn Gascoigne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050070452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69007315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"137","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlines","display_name":"outlines","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prewriting","display_name":"prewriting","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-oriented-instruction","display_name":"process-oriented instruction","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-process","display_name":"writing process","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idea-generation","display_name":"idea generation","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-composition","display_name":"recursive composition","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esl-writing","display_name":"ESL writing","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revision-and-editing","display_name":"revision and editing","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.7222906351089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780588134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2791145","display_name":"Composition studies","level":3,"score":0.5219590067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4763500988483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.45958322286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52416528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955199","display_name":"Bandwagon effect","level":2,"score":0.45031407475471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781341000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1468902","display_name":"Writing process","level":2,"score":0.44219186902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4085412919521332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4018537700176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34101754426956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16887128353118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11023300886154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09631669521331787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2992883064","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-101943710/the-role-of-the-outline-in-second-language-composition","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863161","display_name":"Academic exchange quarterly","issn_l":"1096-1453","issn":["1096-1453"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327894278","host_organization_name":"Rapid Intellect Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327894278"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rapid Intellect Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academic exchange quarterly","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125771406","https://openalex.org/W803321347","https://openalex.org/W2021535510","https://openalex.org/W2515724224","https://openalex.org/W7000078467","https://openalex.org/W2562505892","https://openalex.org/W2382328009","https://openalex.org/W4301717272","https://openalex.org/W4200184822","https://openalex.org/W103943016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Few":[1],"language":[401],"teachers":[3,80,393,397,402,451],"would":[4],"deny":[5],"the":[6,11,30,36,39,52,58,66,70,90,102,114,136,168,194,198,203,212,216,221,235,241,305,317,336,346,372,378,387,407,414,427,467,494,509,530,554,557,560,564,567,572],"recent":[7],"surge":[8],"in,":[9],"and":[10,121,129,155,224,245,265,283,352,360,382,442,483,505,514,519,532,546,556],"benefits":[12],"of,":[13],"process-":[14],"(as":[15],"opposed":[16,314],"to":[17,65,75,174,240,257,299,315,384,394,433,490,577,580,591,598],"product-)":[18],"oriented":[19],"writing":[396],"instruction.":[21],"An":[22,184],"essential":[23,185],"ingredient":[24,188],"in":[25,63,99,134,189,252,311,339,350,371,411,430,462,536],"process-oriented":[26,109,190,375],"instruction":[28,111,192,248],"is":[29,193,211,232,417],"pre-writing":[31,43,195,206,229,522],"activity.":[32,196],"This":[33],"study":[34],"investigates":[35],"role":[37,214],"of":[38,57,69,117,146,157,178,182,205,215,220,226,234,304,345,356,374,380,386,456,469,511,559,571],"outline":[40,60,217],"as":[41,143,176,218,313,358,367,398,400,420,437,458,550,552],"a":[42,54,147,158,259,262,266,290,294,297,300,328,332,343,354,463,501,525,538],"activity":[44],"for":[45,270,293],"second":[46],"compositions.":[48],"Results":[49],"suggest":[50],"that":[51,231,325,385,449,540],"static":[53,318],"priori":[55],"nature":[56],"typical":[59,568],"may":[61],"stand":[62],"opposition":[64],"fluid":[67,464],"essence":[68],"composing":[71,306,415,473,495],"process.":[72],"Introduction":[73],"According":[74],"Nancy":[76],"Lay":[77],"(1990),":[78],"should":[81],"not":[82,172],"be":[83,175],"satisfied":[84],"only":[85],"with":[86,500,508],"what":[87,594],"students":[88,492,499],"write,":[89],"finished":[91],"product,":[92,320],"but":[93],"how":[94],"they":[95,595],"arrive":[96],"at":[97,453],"it;":[98],"other":[100,169],"words,":[101],"process":[160,242,416,496],"(p.":[104,403,444,548],"406).":[105],"To":[106],"this":[107,179],"end,":[108],"has":[112],"become":[113,395],"philosophical":[115],"aim":[116],"many":[118,321],"first-":[119],"(L1)":[120],"second-":[122],"(L2)":[123],"classrooms":[125],"(Barnett,":[126],"1989;":[127],"Flower":[128,282],"Hayes,":[130],"1981).":[131],"At":[132],"least":[133],"theory,":[135],"L2":[137,199,228,246,392,450],"teaching":[138],"profession":[139],"now":[140],"accepts":[141],"composition":[142,247],"being":[144],"less":[145],"linear,":[148],"tidy,":[149],"accretive":[150],"affair":[151],"(Emig":[152],"p.":[153,601],"22),":[154],"more":[156],"recursive":[159,301],"(Omaggio":[161],"Hadley,":[162,277],"1993;":[163],"Matsuda,":[164],"1997).":[165],"Practice,":[166],"on":[167,335],"hand,":[170],"does":[171],"appear":[173],"tolerant":[177],"shifting":[180],"vision":[181,303,355],"composition.":[183,412],"yet":[186,478],"diverse":[187],"Whereas":[197],"classroom":[200],"certainly":[201],"embraces":[202],"notion":[204],"or":[207,582],"idea-generation":[208],"phases,":[209],"it":[210,535],"unremitting":[213],"one":[219,459],"most":[222],"traditional":[223],"pervasive":[225],"all":[227],"tools":[230],"object":[233],"following":[236],"pages.":[237],"Process-Writing":[238],"Prior":[239],"bandwagon,":[243],"L1":[244,279,322,381],"was":[249,327],"unquestionably":[250],"linear":[251,298],"nature.":[253],"Students":[254],"were":[255],"encouraged":[256,391],"compose":[258],"detailed":[260],"outline,":[261],"first":[263],"draft,":[264],"revised":[267],"final":[268,319],"draft":[269],"each":[271,454],"assignment":[273],"(Emig,":[274],"1971;":[275],"Omaggio":[276],"1993).":[278],"research":[280],"by":[281,405,471,497],"Hayes":[284],"(1981)":[285],"involving":[286,498],"think-aloud":[287],"protocols":[288],"provided":[289],"critical":[291],"impetus":[292],"shift":[295],"from":[296,377],"theoretical":[302],"act.":[307],"By":[308],"observing":[309],"writers":[310,421,507,587],"action,":[312],"analyzing":[316],"researchers":[323],"concluded":[324],"there":[326],"need":[329],"for:":[330],"1)":[331],"greater":[333],"focus":[334],"strategies":[337],"involved":[338,349,410],"real-time":[340],"writing;":[341],"2)":[342],"consideration":[344],"mental":[347,408],"processes":[348,409,435],"composing;":[351],"3)":[353],"complex":[359,419],"recursive.":[361],"In":[362],"1989":[363],"Marva":[364],"Barnett":[365,390,446],"served":[366],"an":[368],"important":[369],"conduit":[370],"transfer":[373],"ideas":[376,470,512,541],"realm":[379],"ESL":[383],"L2.":[388],"Indeed,":[389],"well":[399,551],"31)":[404],"considering":[406,553],"Clearly,":[413],"cognitively":[418],"must":[422],"move":[423],"their":[424],"thoughts":[425],"through":[426],"information":[428],"stored":[429],"long-term":[431],"memory":[432],"such":[436,537],"idea-generation,":[438],"organization,":[439],"evaluation,":[440],"reviewing,":[441],"revising":[443],"35).":[445],"also":[447],"suggested":[448],"look":[452],"piece":[455],"particular":[460],"version":[461],"progression":[465],"toward":[466],"expression":[468],"dividing":[472],"activities":[474,487],"into":[475],"three":[476],"distinct,":[477],"recursive,":[479],"stages:":[480],"pre-writing,":[481],"writing,":[482],"re-writing.":[484],"Pre-writing":[485,486],"are":[488,542,596],"intended":[489],"help":[491],"begin":[493],"topic,":[502,526,531],"highlighting":[503],"vocabulary,":[504],"assisting":[506],"organization":[510],"(Shrum":[513],"Glisan,":[515],"1994).":[516],"For":[517],"Scarcella":[518],"Oxford":[520],"(1992),":[521],"encompasses":[523],"finding":[527],"out":[528],"about":[529,534,593],"thinking":[533],"way":[539],"generated,":[543],"shaped,":[544],"refined,":[545],"organized":[547],"124),":[549],"audience":[555],"purpose":[558],"task.":[562],"Within":[563],"professional":[565],"literature,":[566],"character":[569],"sketch":[570],"good":[586],"writer":[574],"perennially":[575],"refers":[576],"her":[578],"ability":[579],"plan":[581],"pre-write":[583],"before":[584],"composing,":[585],"take":[588],"sufficient":[589],"time":[590],"think":[592],"going":[597],"write":[599],"(Scott":[600],"\u2026":[602]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}